Preoperative Medications

Which of the following adverse reactions would the nurse expect after file administration of atropine as part of a patient s preoperative medication regimen ... 

Therapeutic indications for benzodiazepines include anxiety states associated with neurotic, phobic, and depressive disorders, or myocardial infarction (decrease in cardiac stimulation due to anxiety) insomnia preanesthetic (preoperative) medication epileptic seizures and hypertonia of skeletal musculature (spasticity, rigidity). 

Indications for its use are the same as those of other tranquihzers as well as in the capacity of a drug for cardioneurosis, preoperational medical anesthesia, and as an adjuvant drug... 

Pain/Preoperative medication (Levo-Dromoran only) - As a preoperative medication where an opioid analgesic is appropriate. 

Parenteral - For preoperative medication, support of anesthesia and obstetrical analgesia. 

OXYMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDE Relief of moderate to severe pain. Parenterally for preoperative medication, support of anesthesia, obstetrical analgesia, and for relief of anxiety in patients with dyspnea associated with pulmonary edema secondary to acute left ventricular dysfunction. 

Premedication (Levo-Dromoran) - Individualize the preoperative medication dose. Two mg levorphanol is approximately equivalent to 10 to 15 mg of morphine or 100 mg of meperidine. 

Sradycard/a Atropine is used in the suppression of vagally mediated bradycardias. Preoperative medication Atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and glycopyrrolate are used as preanesthetic medication to control bronchial, nasal, pharyngeal, and salivary secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Scopolamine is used for preanesthetic sedation and for obstetric amnesia. 

The use of atropine became part of routine preoperative medication when anesthetics such as ether were used, because these irritant anesthetics markedly increased airway secretions and were associated with frequent episodes of laryngospasm. Preanesthetic injection of atropine or scopolamine could prevent these hazardous effects. Scopolamine also produces significant amnesia for the events associated with surgery and obstetric delivery, a side effect that was considered desirable. On the other hand, urinary retention and intestinal hypomotility following surgery were often exacerbated by antimuscarinic drugs. Newer inhalational anesthetics are far less irritating to the airways. 

Analgesic efficacy and clinical use Pethidine (Clark et al.,1995 Latta et al., 2002) is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain including labor pain. It is also used as preoperative medication and as an adjunct to anesthesia. Due to its anti-muscarinic properties, it has a weaker muscle stimulant activity than other opioids and does not increase biliary pressure, which makes it suitable for the treatment of pain associated with pancreatitis or biliary colic. 

Virtually all opioids can be used as a preoperative medication. Selection of a specific type and dose can be individualized based on the needs of each patient. 

Perhaps the most widely knowm agent to alter cholinergic transmission is the belladonna alkaloid, atropine. This agent is relatively selective for muscarinic receptors and as such decreases exocrine gland secretion, smooth muscle tone and the effects of vagal nerve stimulation of the heart. Atropine has several clinical applications including use as a preoperative medication, post-myocardial infarction to increase heart... 

Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures... 

Meperidine is used as analgesic for acute and severe pain, as a preoperative medication, as an obstetrical analgesic, and for support of anesthesia. 

HYPNOTIC, ANTICONVULSANT and ANXIOLYTIC activity. It has been used orally to treat insomnia, anxiety and for preoperative medication. 

ANTICONVULSANT, HYPNOTIC and SEDATIVE properties. It is used in some countries as a hypnotic in the elderly, for preoperative medication and in the managment of withdrawal from alcohol. 

ANTAGONIST activity. It is a sedative/tranquillizer with ANXIOLYTIC activity, and can be used in preoperative medication, as an antiemetic and for the relief of itching. Hydroxyzine trimethoxybenzoate has been used as an ANTI ARRHYTHMIC. 

BINDING-SITE AGONIST, with most Of its properties similar to diazepam. It has hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity It has been used orally in the treatment of insomnia, and also in preoperative medication, lornoxicam (ban, inn, usan (Ro 13-9297) is one of the oxicam series of CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS and has NSAID ANALGESIC, ANTIINFLAMMATORY and ANTIPYRETIC activity. 

Phenylacetic acid derivatives and related agents were introduced fairly recently. Those used therapeutically include diclofenac, ketorolac and tolmetin. They are reasonably well tolerated in use against skeletal muscle and joint pain. Diclofenac is sometimes used (by injection) for preoperative medication. Also, it is available in a preparation combined with a prostaglandin in an attempt to counteract its ulcerogenic effects (see ANTIULCEROGENIC AGENTS). 

ANTIBACTERICAL, ANTIFUNGAL, antifungicide and ANTIVIRAL properties. It can be used as a vapour and is rather toxic, propiomazine [ban, inn, usan] (propiomazine hydrochloride [usan] propiomazine maleate Wy 1359 Propavan ) is a phenothiazine with HISTAMINE H -RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST properties, but is used as a SEDATIVE, a HYPNOTIC and in preoperative medication, propiomazine hydrochloride propiomazine. propiomazine maleate propiomazine. propiram [ban, inn] (propiram fumarate [usan] Bay 4503) is one of the phenylpiperidine series, an opioid RECEPTOR AGONIST with OPIOID ANALGESIC activity. 

Treat insomnia use for sedation, preoperative medication, barbiturate coma (for controlled increased intracranial pressure)... 

Preoperative medication to reduce salivation, Half-life Onset Peaks Duration ... 

If given as a preoperative medication, explain that a warm, dry, flushing feeling may occur. 

The major group of anxiolytics is Benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines treat severe prolonged anxiety, convulsions, hypertension, and preoperative medication. Benzodiazepines include ... 

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