Sedatives/tranquillizers

Protriptyline is a powerful antidepressant, the mechanism of action of which is not known. It is not a MAO inhibitor and does not stimulate the CNS. It begins to act much faster and acts much longer than imipramine or amitriptyline. Protriptyline does not possess sedative tranquilizing properties. It is used in clinical conditions for treating severe depression. The most common synonyms are concordin, triptil, and vivactil. 

May have additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (eg, hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, antianxiety agents) use with caution. 

Alcohol, antidepressants, hypnotics, sedatives, tranquillizers, fenfluramine, levodopa, vasodilators such as nitrates, nifedipine, verapamil Potentiation. 

Hydromorphone should never be combined with other drugs that depress the central nervous system. Such drugs include sedatives, tranquilizers, alcohol, and anesthetics. In addition, other types of drugs, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, and... 

Each year, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA)—the United States Department of Health and Human Services—collects statistical data on five drug groups marijuana and hashish psychotherapeutic drugs cocaine and crack hallucinogens and inhalants. Psychotherapeutic drugs include stimulants, sedatives, tranquilizers, and pain relievers. Meperidine and other opioids constitute the majority of the pain relievers in that group. 

Effects Hypotensive, sedative, tranquilizer similar to reserpine. 

Effects Hypotensive, sedative, tranquilizer. Depletes serotonin and norepinephrine in brain tissue. Delayed but prolonged effect. 

Among the materials which may be dangerous in combination with MAO inhibitors are sedatives, tranquilizers, antihistamines, narcotics, and alcohol -- any of which can cause hypotensive crisis (severe blood pressure drop) and amphetamines (even diet pills), mescaline, asarone, nutmeg (active doses), macromerine, ephedrine oils of dill, parsely or wild fennel beer, wine, cocoa, aged cheeses, and other tyrosine-containing foods (tyrosine is converted into tyramine by bacteria in the bowel) -- any of which can cause hypotensive or hypertensive (severe blood pressure rise) crises. 

Some poisonings for which hemoperfusion is preferred are theophylline [35], lipid-soluble drugs, barbiturates [36], and other types of hypnotics/sedatives/tranquilizers. For example, the extraction ratio [inflow concentration - outflow concentration h- inflow concentration] of theophylline is 99 percent with hemoperfusion and only 50 percent with hemodialysis. It should be noted that high extraction ratios may not predict improved clinical outcomes, and there are no controlled studies of hemoperfusion in poisoned patients. 

Note Psychotherapeutic drugs include any prescription type stimulant, sedative, tranquilizer, or analgesic. They do not include over-the-counter drugs. "Use" means used at least one time. 

The phenothiazines have a long duration of effect compared with many of the other sedative-tranquillizers used in horses. The onset of effect is relatively slow after i.v. administration and the maximum clinical effect occurs 20-30 min after i.v. administration. Peak plasma drug levels occur 30 min after the i.m. injection of acepromazine (Chou et al 1998). Acepromazine has a biphasic concentration decay pattern after i.v. administration (Marroum et al 1994). The distribution half-life is 3-5 min (Ballard et al 1982, Marroum et al 1994) and the elimination half-life is 2-3 h. The terminal half-life of acepromazine after oral administration is approximately 6h. Acepromazine is highly protein bound in the plasma (>99%) with a large apparent volume of distribution (Vj, 6.61/kg) (Ballard et al 1982). 

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