Prenatal effects

Female Wistar rats treated orally with 0.125-16 jug/kg/day of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (8-D), 50-800 jug/kg/day of 1,2,3,4-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (4-D , and 250-2000 /xg/kg/day of 2,7-dichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (2-D) and 1,000-2,000 /xg/kg/day of 2,3-dichlorodi-benzo-p-dioxin or 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during 6—15 days of gestation (first morning of a positive vaginal smear was designated as day 1) were assessed for prenatal effects of the compounds on their progeny. 

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (8-D). Prenatal Effects. Data from 2 experiments conducted with 0.125-16 / g/kg/day doses of... 

Okonmah AD, Brown JW, Blyden GT, Soliman KF. (1988). Prenatal effects of acute harmaline exposure on fetal brain biogenic amine metabolism. Pharmacology. 37(3) 203-8. 

Levitt, P. (1998) Prenatal effects of drugs of abuse on brain development. Drug Alcohol Depend 51 109-125. 

In case of prenatal treatment, care should be taken that pups are fostered appropriately (ref. 169). Otherwise, postnatal effects of changes of maternal behavior resulting from the treatment might be confounded with prenatal effects of fetal exposure to chemicals. Changes in pup-dam interactions, caused by effects of postnatal treatments on either the dam or the pup, may lead to indirect teratogenic effects. It is difficult to distinguish such effects from direct teratogenic effects. Furthermore, exposure of dam and fetus or pup to chemicals may cause indirect effects because of induction of... 

Abel EL (1984) Prenatal effects of alcohol. Drug Alcohol Depend, 14(1) 1-10. 

Lochry EA, Hoberman AM, Christian MS (1985) Detection of prenatal effects on learning as a function of differential criteria. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol, 7(6) 697-701. 

Use urines from males that differ in their AGD as stimuli and record the responses of other males. Do you find fresh urine from a male with a large AGD more potent than that from a male with a shorter AGD What does it tell us about prenatal effects on competitiveness in later Ufe ... 

Morgan, DL Prenatal effects of chemicals on the respiratory tract. NIEHS... 

Nor, as we already know, is it an easy process prenatal development is the most vulnerable period in the biological history of any human being. There are entire ranges of prenatal effects... 

As to other prenatal effects, lead certainly appears toxic to the fetus, although intrauterine exposure is generally believed to be at a low level. In a study by Barltrop (1969) only about 300/tg of lead was found in the fetus at term. Measurements of lead in amniotic fluid show a concentration of less than 20 ng/100 ml, i.e. below the limits of detection for the analytical method used (Kubasik and Volosin, 1972). However, lead is shown to be present in the fetus at all stages of development, and this may be of greater importance than the presence of a given load at term. The distribution of radiolabelled lead in embryonic animals indicates that all major organ systems are exposed (Carpenter, 1974). 

Harrison, W. P. and Hood, R. D., 1981, Prenatal effects following exposure of hamsters to sodium arsenite by oral or Intraperlto-neal routes. Teratology, 23 40A. (Abstr.). 

This chapter presents the toxicological evidence for lead as a potent reproductive and intrauterine developmental toxicant. Sections of the chapter deal with male and female gametotoxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and various gross indices of fetal injury such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal survival. Prenatal developmental effects as they affect the whole organism are presented here, while prenatal effects on various systems and organs are discussed in system- and organ-specific chapters. For example, developmental neurotoxicity of lead as it occurs in utero is discussed in Chapter 12. 

In this chapter the prenatal effects of MeHg upon fetal brain development, particularly in the human, will be described primarily from the standpoint of pathologic anatomy. 

Since astrocytes play a major role in neurogenesis, the effects of MeHg on astroglia must be taken into account when evaluating the prenatal effects of MeHg upon CNS growth and development. 

Nissen, P.M. and N. Oksbjerg, 2009. Quantification and prenatal effects on productivity in pigs. In Managing Prenatal Development to Enhance Livestock Productivity. Pages 203-241. Editors P.L. Greenwood, A. W. Bell, P.E. Vercoe and G.J. Viljoen. Springer Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York., 37-69. 

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