Premature ovarian failure

Ovaries Turner s syndrome Gonadal dysgenesis Premature ovarian failure Chemotherapy/radiation Lack of ovarian follicles Other genetic anomalies Early loss of follicles Gonadal toxins... 

Therapeutic modalities for amenorrhea are targeted at restoring the normal menstrual cycle. The goals of treatment are to preserve bone density, prevent bone loss, and restore ovulation, thus improving fertility as desired. Amenorrhea resulting from conditions contributing to hypoestrogenism also may affect quality of life via the induction of hot flashes (premature ovarian failure), dyspareunia, and in prepubertal females, lack of secondary sexual characteristics and absence of menarche. 

PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE AND PREMENOPAUSAL HORMONE REPLACEMENT... 

Premature ovarian failure is a condition characterized by sex-steroid deficiency, amenorrhea, and infertility in women younger than 40 years of age. It affects 1% of women. Premature ovarian failure is associated with a significantly higher risk for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. 

Kalantaridou S et al Premature ovarian failure, endothelial dysfunction, and estrogen-progesterone replacement. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006 17 101. [PMID 16515863]... 

Kalantaridou SN et al Impaired endothelial function in young women with premature ovarian failure Normalization with hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004 89 3907. [PMID 15292326]... 

Premature ovarian failure Follicular depletion by the age of 35 years. 

Premature ovarian failure can be induced in offspring exposed in utero by active metabolites such as 6-mercaptopurine. Tamoxifen (treatments for breast cancer) and clomiphene (to induce ovulation) are antiestrogens that can inhibit uterine decidual induction in pseudopregnant rats. 

I had enough sense to avoid the medical Web sites completely. Had I not, I m sure I would have diagnosed myself as having everything from hostile cervical mucus to premature ovarian failure (even if it doesn t affect women under forty). 

Matikainen T, Perez Gl, Jurisicova A, Pru JK, Schlezinger JJ, Ryu HY, Laine J, Sakai T, Korsmeyer SJ, Casper RF, Sherr DH, Tilly JL (2001) Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-driven Bax gene expression is required for premature ovarian failure caused by biohazardous environmental chemicals. Nat Genet, 28 355-360. 

B8. Blumenfeld, Z., Halachmi, S., Peretz, B. A., Shmuel, Z., Golan, D., et al., Premature ovarian failure—The prognostic application of autoimmunity on conception after ovulation induction. Fertil. Steril. 59, 750-755 (1993). 

In autoimmune diseases cyclophosphamide can cause menstrual disorders (oligomenorrhea or sustained amenorrhea) and ultimately sterihty or premature menopause. This has been particularly exemplified in lupus erythematosus, and several studies have shown a high prevalence of menstrual disorders or premature ovarian failure in cyclophosphamide-treated patients, or a significantly higher incidence of both complications compared with other immunosuppressive regimens or healthy controls (31-33). 

Conway GS, Payne NN, Webb J, Murray A, Jacobs PA. Fragile X premutation screening in women with premature ovarian failure. Hum Reprod 1998 13 1184-1187. 

Sherman SL. Premature ovarian failure among fragile X premutation carriers parent of origin effect Am J Hum Genet 2000 67 11-3. 

Premature ovarian failure (idiopathic, autoimmune, injury) Antimetabolite therapy Adrenal disorders... 

Disorders of the ovary such as premature ovarian failure (POP) and loss of ovarian function can cause amenorrhea. POF has been defined as failure of ovarian estrogen production occurring in a hypergonadotropic state at any age between menarche and age If the patient is... 

Premature ovarian failure (autoimmune, cytotoxic chemotherapy, tumor)... 

Results from randomized trials of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women cannot be extrapolated to premenopausal women with ovarian dysfunction. Women with premature ovarian failure (i.e., those younger than 40 years of age) need exogenous sex steroids to compensate for the decreased production by their ovaries. 

Although the age at menarche has declined steadily throughout the centuries, probably a result of improved nutrition, the age at menopause onset appears to be relatively stable. However, on average, cigarette smokers experience menopause 2 years earlier than nonsmokers. Women who have undergone hysterectomy also are more likely to have an earlier menopause despite preservation of then-ovaries. Approximately 1% of women develop ovarian failure before the age of 40 years (premature menopause or premature ovarian failure). ... 

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