Hormones premenopausal

In a 1996 review, the Committee of Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) estimated the intake of isoflavones from soya-milk to be approximately 4 mg/kg/day over the first 4 months of life. This is greater than that associated with hormonal effects in premenopausal women, but the COT nonetheless supported the existing Department of Health s advice that... 

DUNCAN A M, MERZ B E, XU X, NAGEL T C, PHIPPS W R, KURZER M S (1999a) Soy isoflaVOneS exert modest hormonal effects in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84 192-7. 

DUNCAN M, MERZ-DEMLOW E, XU X, PHIPPS w R and KURZER M s (2000) Premenopausal equol excretors show plasma hormone profiles associated with lowered risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9, 581-6. 

Tamoxifen can be used in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer who have tumors that are hormone-receptor-positive. The toxicities of tamoxifen are described in the section on adjuvant endocrine therapy. The only additional toxicity that one might expect to find in the setting of metastatic breast cancer (specifically bone metastases) is a tumor flare or hypercalcemia, which occurs in approximately 5% of patients following the initiation of any SERM therapy and is not an indication to discontinue SERM therapy. It is generally accepted that this is a positive indication that the patient will respond to endocrine therapy. 

Fulvestrant is a new agent approved for the second-line therapy of postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer patients who have tumors that are hormone-receptor-positive. Studies examining the role of fulvestrant in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer have compared this agent with anastrozole. Given anas-trozole s mechanism of action, only postmenopausal women were eligible for these trials. There is no biologic reason why fulvestrant should not produce similar outcomes in premenopausal... 

Lloyd, T., Schaeffer, J., Walker, M., Demers, L., Urinary hormonal concentrations and spinal bone densities of premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54, 1005, 1991. 

Teriparatide can be used if bisphosphonates are not tolerated or contraindicated. Testosterone replacement therapy should be considered in men, and high-dose hormonal oral contraceptives can be considered for premenopausal women with documented hypogonadism. 

PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE AND PREMENOPAUSAL HORMONE REPLACEMENT... 

Tamoxifen is the antiestrogen of choice in premenopausal women whose tumors are hormone-receptor positive, unless metastases occur within 1 year of adjuvant tamoxifen. Maximal beneficial effects do not occur for at least 2 months. In addition to the side effects described for adjuvant therapy, tumor flare or hypercalcemia occurs in approximately 5% of patients with MBC. 

Palomba et al. (2004) have also studied the effects on cognigtion, mood, and QoL in 100 premenopausal women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist with or without raloxifene. The findings demonstrate that raloxifene is not able to prevent decreases in cognitive function and does not reduce the depresion and anxiety symptoms in women treated with GnRHa. 

D9. De Pergola, G., Giorgino, F., Cospite, M. R., Giagulli, V. A., Cignarelli, M., Ferri, G., and Giorgino, R., Relation between sex hormones and semm lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in premenopausal obese women. Arterioscier. Thromb. 13, 675-679 (1993). 

Metastatic cancer- May be used secondarily in women with advancing inoperable metastatic (skeletal) breast cancer who are 1 to 5 years postmenopausal. Primary goals of therapy include ablation of the ovaries. This treatment has been used in premenopausal women with breast cancer who have benefited from oophorectomy and have a hormone-responsive tumor. 

Estrogen is uricosuric and that is most probably the reason why premenopausal women do not have primary gout. Estrogen hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women lowered serum uric acid (SUA). Consequently, the prevalence of primary gout in these subjects is similar to what is seen in pre-menopausal women. 

Klijn JG, Blarney RW, Boccardo F, Tominaya T, Duchateau L, Sylvester R. Combined tamoxifen and luteinizing-hormone (LHRH) agonist versus LHRH agonist alone in premenopausal advanced breast cancer a meta-analysis of four randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2001 19 343-53. 

Early breast cancer is usually treated by surgery and local irradiation. Hormonal therapy is reserved for patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Breast cancer occurs in both premenopausal and postmeno-... 

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