Turner Ovaries

Turner s Syndrome. Turner s syndrome is a genetic disorder of females characterized by short stature, nonfunctioning ovaries, and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics. Several clinical trials in the United States, Europe, and Japan have demonstrated that hGH can accelerate... 

Ovaries Turner s syndrome Gonadal dysgenesis Premature ovarian failure Chemotherapy/radiation Lack of ovarian follicles Other genetic anomalies Early loss of follicles Gonadal toxins... 

DEFICIENCY in childhood (e.g., in Turner s syndrome) results in failure to develop secondary female sex characteristics. In the adult, loss of menstruation results, as may occur following menopause or removal of the ovaries. 

XO gonadal and X dysgenesis and variants XX gonadal dysgenesis Turner s syndrome Testicular feminization syndrome 17-Hydroxylase deficiency of the ovaries and adrenal glands... 

Turner s Syndrome. In Turner s syndrome (XO 45 chromosomes), there is a congenital absence of the gonads, and the ovaries exist only in the form of slender streaks of connective tissue. The patients affected by the Turner syndrome are phenotypically females and have a vagina and uterus. However, at puberty they do not menstruate (amenorrhea), and their breasts never develop. Needless to say they are sterile, in contrast to XO mice, which can procreate. Without female hormones negative feedback is abolished, and, as a result, these patients excrete large amounts of gonadotropins in the urine [88, 89]. 

Other Sex Chromosomal Anomalies. A number of chromosomal anomalies other than XO lead to sterility and amenorrhea in women. They include deletion of the short or long arm of the X chromosome and deletion of the short arm with duplication of the long arm ring formation. Deletion of the long arm has no effect on stature, and neither does it lead to the development of the other congenital anomalies often associated with Turner s syndrome, but it does cause amenorrhea and sterility. In contrast, deletion of the short arm leads to typical Turner s syndrome. Thus, although both arms of the chromosome are needed for normal development of the ovary, only the short arm is needed for normal development of stature. 

Hsie, A.W., R.L. Schenley, E.-L. Tan, S.W. Perdue, M.W. Williams, T.L. Hayden, and J.E. Turner. 1984. The toxicity of sixteen metallic compounds in Chinese hamster ovary cells A comparison with mice and Drosophilia. In Alternative Methods in Toxicology. Volume 2 Acute Toxicity Testing Alternative Approaches, edited by A.M. Goldberg, 117-125. New Rochelle, NY Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 

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