Preliminary Economic Evaluation

The initial aim of the procedure is to generate a reasonable base case design that can be used for preliminary economic evaluation of the process. This can subsequently be optimized and/or compared with any process alternatives that are identified. The complete process is always considered at each decision level, but additional fine detail is added to the structure of the flowsheet at any stage. Established heuristics and equipment selection procedures are used together with new process synthesis insights to guide each flowsheet decision. 

Section 1 of the guidelines establishes the context of the submission. It asks for a description of the drug, its use on the PBS and the therapies that wiU be co-administered or substituted. Section 2 asks for the best available evidence on the clinical performance of the drug, including the scientific and statistical rigour of randomised trials, and a preliminary economic evaluation based on evidence from the randomised trials. Section 3 describes when extrapolation beyond the preliminary economic evaluation maybe made and how adjustments can be made in a modelled economic evaluation. Section 4 requests a financial analysis from the perspective of the PBS and government health budgets. 

This article describes the chemical hydride slurry approach for production and storage of hydrogen and the major components required of the chemical hydride slurry cycle. We have included a discussion of the preliminary economic evaluation and an overview of the work performed for mobile applications of the technology. 

Process identification Laboratory verification Reaction flow schematic Preliminary flow process Preliminary economic evaluation Process development Mass and energy balance Process flow scheme Site selection... 

Winter, O., Preliminary Economic Evaluation of Chemical Processes at the Research Level, Ind. Eng. Chem., 61,4,45,1969. 

Low sulfur fuel oils were prepared from a high volatile bituminous coal by hydrogenation under high temperatures and pressures. At a coal conversion of 80%, the ratio of oiU to-gas yields was about three, and 23% of the coal sulfur was contained in the oil. Sulfur content of the oil, however, remained the same at different coal conversion levels. The data obtained in the semi-continuous, dilute phase hydrogenation system showed that the whole oil can be directly used as a fuel oil where 1% sulfur is tolerated. Fuel oils containing 0,5 and 0,25% sulfur were produced by desulfurization of the whole oil, A preliminary economic evaluation indicated that low sulfur fuel oils can be produced from coal by hydrogenation at a manufacturing cost of about 5-6 per barrel. 

The most likely syngas consumers in the infrastructure are Fisher-Tropsch diesel processes, ammonia producers, methanol producers and the Direct Reduction of Iron (DRI) process. The H2/CO ratios required by these process range from >0.68. 4. Assuming that syngas is produced using entrained flow reactors with reformers, preliminary economic evaluation revealed that the HQ pipeline should provide syngas in a ratio bandwidth of 0.9-1.1. 

Preliminary economic evaluations suggest that direct oxidation by hydrogen peroxide is not yet competitive with the traditional cumene process as well as with... 

In this type of application, the kraft cooking chemicals are recovered using the traditional method which is centred around the Tomlinson recovery boiler. Additional plant fuel (wood waste, peat, coal) is needed. Preliminary economic evaluations have indicated that this type of oil production process would be economic if oil prices were at their 1985 level. 

Preliminary economic evaluations of this scheme have indicated that it would be more economic than the conventional recovery process, particularly if a higher pulp yield were obtained. This process would also have a higher thermal efficiency than the conventional process. 

Emphasis in the laboratory rapidly shifted to the development of the more active oxide catalysts. Catalyst compositions and catalyst activations and pretreatments were investigated. Various olefinic hydrocarbons were tested and the ranges of reaction conditions (e.g., Figure 2) were established for patent coverage and for preliminary economic evaluation. 

A large plant that sells all its caustic output to a diverse group of customers will need adequate storage and loading facilities and a large fleet of dedicated tankers. The latter is easily overlooked in preliminary economic evaluations. Tank cars can be leased or purchased outright. In either event, they represent a considerable cost, as the following example makes clear. 

Preliminary economic evaluations suggest that direct oxidation of benzene by hydrogen peroxide is not yet competitive compared with the traditional cumene process, particularly if the acetone recycling is taken into account, but also that it could become profitable should the acetone price fall close to its fuel value. 

When complete, the flow sheet can be used for a preliminary economic evaluation of the process, ff this shows that the process is promising, then the... 

From this study it seems that oxygenated aromatic compounds are less reactive towards acidic CO formylation in comparison to alkylated ones and this effect can be explained by the relative acid-base properties of the substrate and carbon monoxide. More than stoichiometric amounts of acid are required for acceptable rates and yields. Various acids apart from the HF/BF3 system were investigated without success in an attempt to facilitate formylation of anisole. Deuterium labelling experiments as a tool to probe the possible reaction mechanism provided interesting but inconclusive results in support of the intra-complex mechanism. Secondary product formation was shown to result mainly from acid catalysed reactions between the substrate and the aldehyde product. Preliminary economic evaluations indicated boron trifluoride to be the major cost driver in these reactions, necessitating its quantitative recovery. A successful FIF/BF3 retrieval process is described by Fujiyama et and involves the decomposition of the p-... 

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