Templates preferred

A template. The preferred template is double-stranded DNA. Single-stranded DNA also can serve as a template. RNA, whether single or double stranded, is not an effective template nor are RNA-DNA hybrids. 

The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) strongly depends on ionic nature of molecules used as solubilizing agents and as molecular templates for further nanoengineering. Quantum yield of PL for initially bright cationic-capped QDs irreversibly decreases to zero. On the contrary, PL and photostability of partially quenched anionic-capped QDs are strongly enhanced upon interaction with cationic polyelectrolyte, which may be more preferable template for this reason. 

The synthesis of zeolite NU-87 was first reported by Casci and Stewart in 1990 [67]. As structure directing agent, bis-quaternary organic compoimds (cf. Fig. 10) were claimed, with decane-l,10-bis-(trimethylammonium)dibromide (decamethonium-bromide, diquat DeBr2) as the preferred template. Typically, Si02/Al203 ratios from 25 to 60 and NaOH/Si02 ratios around 0.3 are applied. A recommended synthesis mixture is prepared from silica sol, sodium aluminate, sodiiun hydroxide, water and the template. In our own experiments for the... 

Linear amphiphilic block copolymers have been assembled in a selective solvent with a great diversity of kinetically frozen micelles. When a perfect control of nanostructure size and shape was required, brush copolymers were found to be the preferred templates to prepare cylindrical nanoparticles. Wooley et al. 

Considering functional group complementarity, other commodity monomers may also be used. Thus for templates containing acid groups, basic functional monomers are preferably chosen. The 2- or 4-vinylpyridines (VPY) are particularly well-suited for the imprinting of carboxylic acid templates and provide selectivities of the same... 

In this beautiful synthesis of periplanone B, Still demonstrated a classical aspect and use of total synthesis - the unambiguous establishment of the structure of a natural product. More impressively, he demonstrated the usefulness of the anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement in the construction of ten-membered rings and the feasibility of exploiting conformational preferences of these medium-sized rings to direct the stereochemical course of chemical reactions on such templates. 

The diastereodifferentiating effect of the galactosylamine template in these Strecker reactions is rationalized in terms of a preferred conformation 5 of the Schiff bases which is stabilized by a (7i-double bond into the carbohydrate ring. This conformation is supported by a strong NOE in the H-NMR spectrum between the anomeric and the iminc proton. 

Hentze H-P, Co CC, McKelvey CA, Kaler EW (2003) Templating Vesicles, Microemulsions and Lyotropic Mesophases by Organic Polymerization Processes. 226 197-223 Hergenrother PJ, Martin SF (2000) Phosphatidylcholine-Preferring Phospholipase C from B. 

The high-dilution and template methods are frequently used in the synthesis of cyclic compounds with the aim of increasing the yield. The former method is carried out at substrate concentrations lower than 1 mM [18-20]. This reaction condition decreases the contact of the substrate molecules in the solution. The linear intermediate produced prefers the intramolecular cyclization reaction rather than the intermolecular reaction. Therefore, this reaction condition is useful for the intramolecular reaction, method B (Fig. 2). 

The work of Loeb and Kunkel and their colleagues (70-72) has clearly established that apurinic sites in DNA are mutagenic they specifically cause transversion mutations, due to a strong preference for the incorporation of adenine residues during bypass of apurinic sites in template DNA. Thus, A T to T A and G C to T A transversions are the major mutagenic outcome generated by depurination of DNA. 

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