Precision deposition

In both the cases decribed above, the second step in microarray fabrication involves ordered deposition of the probes on the surface (spotting). The purified DNA probes (PCR fragment or oligonucleotides) are spotted on a modified glass slide in an ordered grid, by means of array spotters and robotic instruments that allow for precise deposition of a few nanoliters of DNA... 

Gao E, Sonin AA. (1994) Precise deposition of molten microdrops the physics of digital microfabrication. Proc R Soc Land A 444 533-554. Schiaffino S, Sonin AA. (1997) Formation and stability of liquid and molten beads on a solid surface. / Fluid Mech 343 95-110. 

Gao F, Sonin AA. (1994) Precise deposition of molten microdrops The physics of digital microfabrication. Proc R Soc Lond A 444 533-554. 

Metal-Bumped Flip Chip Joints. ICAs can also be used to form electrical interconnections with chips that have metal bumps. ICA materials utilize much high filler loading than ACAs to provide electrical conduction isotropically (ie in all directions) throughout the material. In order for these materials to be used for flip chip applications, they must be selectively applied to only those areas that are to be electrically interconnected. Also, the materials are not to spread during placement or curing to avoid creating electrical shorts between circuit features. Screen or stencil printing is most commonly used to precisely deposit the ICA pastes. However, to satisfy the scale and accuracy required for flip chip... 

If the subsequent assembly process calls for thermocompression or thermosonic wire bonding, plated copper under the wire-bond sites should be avoided. This can be accomplished by selectively plating the copper. When the adhesion layer is Nichrome or titanium-tungsten, then precision-deposited thin-film resistors can be fabricated. 

Manufacturers are seeking to reduce production costs of batteries by developing less costly electrode-manufacturing processes. Today, electrodes are made by deposition/coating of powders dispersed in an organic or aqueous solvent (for positive materials) onto metal current collectors. Research efforts have turned toward printing techniques from the paper industry, whereby very thin films of active materials can be very precisely deposited to make thin and soft batteries." The intended applications are applications for which it is necessary to have batteries with small... 

The electrodeposition process allowed large numbers of sensors to be coated simultaneously due to the electrical nature. Yet 3ie enzyme was precisely deposited only on the surface of the conductor exposed to the solution and file flow of current. Finally, the thickness of the enzyme layer was controlled by varying the electrical deposition parameters. 

Fig. 19 Precision deposition of nonwoven pattern composed of PEO via the precision deposition approach [78], a Linear trace of nonwoven, b Writing of a test pattern...

Hellmann C, Belardi J, Dersch R, Greiner A, Wendorff JH, Bahnmueller S (2009) High precision deposition electrospinning of nanofibers and nanofiber nonwovens. Polymer 50 1197-1205... 

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