Power system stability

Power system stability studies can provide some insight into the effects of power failure. The calculations can become tedious if performed manually because of the iterative steps required to obtain satisfactory answers. Therefore, a computer program is used to supply the iterative answers in a short time and with comparable accuracy. 

Electric power system stability. 2. Electric power systems—Quality control. I. Title. TK1010. S35 2001... 

R. D. Evans, First report of power system stability Report of subcommittee on interconnection and stability factors. AIEE Transactions, 1937, pages 261 to 282. 

Edward Wilson Kimbark, Power system stability synchronous machines. Dover Publications, Inc. (1968). Library of Congress Card No. 68-12937. 

Use of digital computers in electric power systems. Section 6, Power system stability, by C. B. Cooper. Edited by 1. L. Dineley. Oriel Press Ltd 1967. 

Canizares C.A., editor, 2002. Voltage Stability Assessment Concepts, Practices and Tools, Final report, lEEE/PES Power Systems Stability Subcommittee Special Publication. Canizares C.A., Alvarado F.L., 1993. Point of collapse and continuation methods for large ac/dc systems, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, Vol. 8, No.l, pp. 1-8. 

Kimbark E.W., 1995. Power System Stability, IEEE Press, New York. 

Kundm P., 1994. Power System Stability and Control, EPRI Power System Engineering Series, Me Graw-Hill, New York. 

We will notice subsequently that series and shunt compensation are complementary. What a shunt capacitor cannot do, a series capacitor does and vice versa. On a secondary transmission system, say up to 66 kV, a shunt compensation may always be necessary to improve the power factor, as the load would mainly be indtictive. A series compensation may become essential, to improve the stability of the system, to cope with load fluctuations, switching of non-linear loads and voltage fluctuations occurring on the other power system or the grid to which this system may be connected. 

Preservation of acceptable levels of power quality is an essential requirement for the operation of power systems, APS included. Frequency stability and voltage control are the most important aspects of this issue. The European Standard EN-50160 (European Standard EN-50160, 1994) requires that for a non-interconnected (i.e. autonomous) power system, frequency and voltage should be within a range of ... 

So far, issues related to the frequency stability of an APS have been presented. Maintaining voltage levels in the AC buses of an autonomous power system close to their nominal value is a similar problem. Such an objective can be obtained if equilibrium can be achieved between produced and consumed reactive power in the system. The influence of renewable generators on voltage control depends on the type of the interface used for the connection to the grid. Induction generators in wind turbines or small hydro plants, consume reactive power. A partial compensation can be achieved using local capacitors. Power electronic inverters used for the connection of photovoltaic systems and wind turbines are reactive power neutral. 

Let us now consider continuous flows of premixed combustible gases and address the question of conditions necessary to retain a flame in the system [2]. This question is of practical significance for many power-production devices. To achieve high power densities, gas velocities in combustors exceed flame velocities, and so means must be found to stabilize flames against blowout, a condition at which the flames are transported through the exit of the burner so that combustion ceases. There are two main classes of stabilization techniques, stabilization by fluid streams and stabilization by solid elements. Although other stabilization methods may be envisioned, such as continuous or intermittent deposition of radiant or electrical energy, in the vast majority of practical continuous-flow systems, stabilization is obtained by techniques that fall within one of the two main classes. Stabilization by solid elements will be discussed first then stabilization by fluid streams will be considered. ... 

---