Power raising

When raising a number in scientific notation to a particular power raise the decimal part of the number to the power and multiply the power of 10 by the power ... 

To raise an exponential number to a power, raise both the coefficient to the power and the exponential part to the power. To do the latter, multiply the original exponent by the power ... 

As with gas—liquid systems, chemical engineering theorists have almost exclusively concerned themselves with the creation of surface area (drop formation), usually relating surface area creation to the expenditure of power raised to an index of around . These expressions are entirely empirical and of only guidance value in the absence of essential experimentation data. Drop coalescence remains a black art. 

A principle illustrated in this example is that raising a quantity (in particular, a conversion factor) to a power raises its units to the same power. The conversion factor for h /day is therefore the square of the factor for h/day ... 

Isothermal calorimeters typically have exceptional signal stability over extended time, which is useful for the study of slow reactions. Here a study of imidazole-catalysed hydrolysis of triacetin, an example of a second order reaction, was made over 150 days. A plot of power, raised to ( — 0.5), against time was linear, illustrating the stability of the calorimeter over the time of the study... 

Inhibition provided for reactivity trip during startup and power raising. 

Log P scram threshold being lowered to 10% of nominal power to ensure takeover by Lin P during power raising. 

In April 1995, when reactor power was stabilized at 7.1 MWt in the process of power raising to 10 MWt, there was a sharp increase in power of around 450 kWt in 7 s and reactor underwent scram on high positive reactivity (treshold +10 pcm). The reactivity recorder also indicated a spike of 10 pcm. A permanent gain of about 13.8 pcm was observed before and after the incident. 

The positive reactivity scram is manually inhibited during power raising and made effective during steady power operation. 

It is inteded that all the manipulators will be commissioned on reactors on selected penetrations during a designated period in the main commissioning programme when all the in-reactor components have been assembled but prior to power raising. 

The GEO satellite size increased since the beginning from few 100 kg to more than 6 tons today. In parallel, the electrical power raised from a few tens of watt to more than 20 kW for the more powerful satellites. 

Temperature rise immunity is critical since an increased input power raises both temperature and resistance. It has been generally noted that for a rise of 250°C resistance of the coil doubled, similar to the apparent power handling capacity of the loudspeaker. In reahty, of course, the operative coupling force of the loudspeaker is proportional to current only and under these conditions the overall efficiency of the system is halved. See Fig. 3.56 (Berwick, 1994, 74). 

An estimated temperature rise can be found by assuming that all the required power raises the enthalpy of the polymer (Cp taken to be 2092 J/kg°C and density to be 1000 kg/m ) ... 

When working problems involving units raised to a power, raise the conversion factors to the same power. 

The rod cluster control assemblies and the grey rod cluster assemblies together must be able to offset fast reactivity changes associated with load changes, power raising, fluctuations in the boron concentration, fluctuations in coolant temperature and fluctuations in xenon concentration. 

As the pile reactivity decreases, the sequence with which the control rods are withdrawn will determine the flux distribution about the reactor. In other words, the sequence is set up so that the remaining inserted rods will balance the flux distribution in all sections of the pile. A pattern should be set up and followed such that there is always an available rod tip in each of the "small pile" control regions of the reactor. Hiis flexible rod pattern should be obtained as soon as possible after turnaround so that the transients set up in various parts of the pile by the power raises will tend to further maintain an even flux distribution. Elimination of the need for large distribution correctior.s after turnaround tends to make a smoother, more efficient approach to an equilibrium operating level. 

Answer Yes, the approach to maximum operating level must be made cautiously because xenon poisoning will continue to increase as a result of the final raise in power level. This will require rod withdrawal to compensate for the xenon increase if the power level is too high, extensive rod withdrawal may cause tube outlet or graphite temperatures to be exceeded. By slowing the power raises as limits are approached, the equilibrium power level is reached at approximately the same time as the equilibrium reactivity. Final adjustment of control rods, power level, flux and temperature distribution can then be made to approach a maximum power level without forced changes in rod configuration. 

Replaced by its square root (the 1 power) Raised to the nth power... 

During the power raising process a number of measurements and plant checks were performed as follows ... 

Estimates of the combined effects of coolant voids and the fuel temperature coefficients were made during power raising since this often lasted for several hours. It was necessary to apply corrections for changes in coolant and moderator temperature and in xenon reactivity. The latter correction was facilitated by using a xenon computer with the equilibrium value normalized to a SOLOMON estimate. Not surprisingly, there is a considerable scatter in the data and a typical run-up is shown in Pig. 7. 

The particular channels in question are on the edge of the core and their powers are much lower than those of the peak rated channels in the centre of the core. For this reason their dryout margin is higher than the average for the core over the whole range of reactor power, and there are no problems associated with flow starvation at any power level. The rates of power raising mentioned do not effect this conclusion. 

Operation with gas bubbling, when the moderator is very close to the boiling point would allow, if feasible, an Intrinsic fast control of the reactor power. In fact, a power raise would immediately cause the heavy water evaporation to substantially increase the initial void fraction corresponding to gas bubbling. 

Equal citizenship presupposes that all persons ought to have the same fundamental status as equal participants in the most important political decisions made in their societies— what Buchanan calls a right to democracy. However, what constitutes their political societies Government power raises moral issues of legitimacy and requires us to explain under what conditions the members of a group of people would treat the government as their own political authority—as the authority they consider morally justified to rule them. 

But a higher power raised me up The offences were not incorrigible the same deserted expanses that had once filled me with such anguish now exalted me with the vastness of their onward sweep—with their promise of a far-flung field of possibilities. 

The thermal criteria for startup of the Super LWR are summarized in Table 1.9. The maximum cladding temperature during the power raising phase is limited below the same value as the rated power. The moisture content of steam sent to... 

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