Power plants British Columbia

Chlorine dioxide degrades rapidly in air (see Seetion 6.3.2.1) and should be measurable only near its source of production or use (e.g., pulp and paper mill plants, water treatment facilities). As part of an international study of workers in the pulp and paper industry, the concentration of chlorine dioxide was measured in the workplace air of pulp and paper mills from 19 countries. The concentration of chlorine dioxide was measured in the following work areas steam and power generation (range, <0.001-0.06 ppm) effluent water treatment (range, not detected to 0.003 ppm) and maintenance (range, <detection limit to 5.8 ppb) (Kauppinen et al. 1997 Teschke et al. 1999). In another study, the concentration of chlorine dioxide was measured in the workplace air at a pulp mill in British Columbia, Canada between May and June, 1988. The concentration of chlorine dioxide was <0.01 ppm in area samples and personal full-shift samples. The exception was in the bleach/chemical preparation area sample in which the concentration of chlorine dioxide ranged from <0.01 to 0.3 ppm (Kennedy et al. 1991). 

The 50-MW plant in Burlington, Vermont, was limited in capacity by the wood fuel available witbin the area circumscribed by a radius of 80 km (50 mi.) from the plant. This is considered by most energy specialists to be the maximum distance that wood fuel can be obtained and economically transported to the plant by truck or rail. For captive sources of biomass fuels, the capacity can be larger. One example is the 60-MW, wood waste-fueled power plant located in Williams Lake, British Columbia (Baker, 1995). This plant is located in the center of a major lumber industry region that has five large sawmills located within 5 km of each other. The mills produce more than 540,000 green tonnes of bark, sawdust, and other wood waste products per year. 

Some of the IBPCSs that have been proposed for power production in the United States are listed in Table 14.5. Most of them are considered to be modules of full-scale IBPCSs. Note that the power capacities are small relative to the capacities of fossil-fueled power plants. One of the largest commercial biomass-fueled power plants is the 60-MW plant in Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada. It is fueled with waste biomass from nearby lumber mills... 

In Canada, it would appear that the best areas for the geosequestration of carbon dioxide are to be found in the Western Canadian Basin, which covers much of Alberta and British Columbia. Preliminary estimates indicate a storage capability of tens to hundreds of gigatonnes. Western Canada is also rich in oil, gas, oil sands and coal - all of which may provide opportunities for storage sites. In Western Europe, further aquifers under the North Sea provide the most promising option an initial survey identified a total capacity of 800 Gt CO2, which equates to about 800 years of power-plant emissions at present-day... 

Ballard Power Systems (Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada) started research in PEMFC manufacturing technology in 1989, and between 1992 and 1994 delivered a few prototypes of power units in different sizes. The first commercial unit, which had 1.2 k W of power, was made in 2001. At present, this company produces different types of power units between 4 and 21 k W for different applications electric cars, power backup, and plants for heat and power cogeneration... 

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