Potassium permanganate-Copper sulfate

The use of sofid supports in conjunction with permanganate reactions leads to modification of the reactivity and selectivity of the oxidant. The use of an inert support, such as bentonite (see Clays), copper sulfate pentahydrate, molecular sieves (qv) (151), or sifica, results in an oxidant that does not react with alkenes, but can be used, for example, to convert alcohols to ketones (152). A sofid supported permanganate reagent, composed of copper sulfate pentahydrate and potassium permanganate (153), has been shown to readily convert secondary alcohols into ketones under mild conditions, and in contrast to traditional permanganate reactivity, the reagent does not react with double bonds (154). 

Some of the substances you work with in general chemistry can be identified at least tentatively by their color. Gaseous nitrogen dioxide has a brown color vapors of bromine and iodine are red and violet, respectively. A water solution of copper sulfate is blue, and a solution of potassium permanganate is purple (Figure 1.14). 

Colour - A striking feature of transition-metal compounds is their colour. Whether it is the pale blue or pink hues of copper(ii) sulfate and cobalt(ii) chloride, or the intense purple of potassium permanganate, these colours tend to be associated most commonly with transition-metal compounds. It is rare for compounds of main group metals to be highly coloured. 

Aluminum sulfate Calcium hydroxide Calcium sulfate Copper sulfate Ferric chloride Potassium permanganate Sodium chloride Anhydrous TSP Hydrated TSP Sodium hydroxide... 

Potassium permanganate adsorbed on copper sulfate pentahydrate oxidizes dithiol 112 into 1,2-dithiepane 113 (Equation 35) <1998S1587>. 

Copper (II) sulfate Potassium permanganate warming Upon warming red precipitate of copper (I) oxide forms Immediate decolorization under cold conditions... 

The most common bleaching agents are copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, potassium ferricyanide, and potassium or ammonium dichromate. Most B R toners require a darker print than usual as there is often a loss of density. However, this is not always the case as copper bleaches will intensify the print. 

Simple 1,2-dithiepanes are prepared by the oxidation of, -alkanedithiols using hydrogen peroxide, iodine, oxygen, or other oxidants . For example, potassium permanganate adsorbed on copper sulfate penta-hydrate oxidizes 1,5-pentanedithiol into 1,2-dithiepane 198 <1998S1587>. 

When a solution of a nitrate is mixed with an equal volume of sulfuric acid, the mixture cooled, and a solution of ferrous sulfate superimposed, a brown color is produced at the junction of the two liquids. Brown-red fumes are evolved when a nitrate is heated with sulfuric acid and metallic copper. Nitrates do not decolorize acidified potassium permanganate TS (0.1 N) (distinction from nitrites). 

A mixture of potassium permanganate and copper sulfate will oxidize sim de 1,4- and l,S-dioxidize selectively primary-secondary diols (21 equation 24) and (22 equation 2S) to the corresponding lactones. ... 

The role of the supports in the reactions just described is not clear. Even less clear is the function of copper sulfate pentahydrate, in the presence of which oxidations with solid potassium permanganate result in excellent yields of ketones. Traces of water are essential. Primary alcohols, on the other hand, give poor yields of aldehydes and acids [844 (equation 255). 

FIGURE 2.1 One-mole quantities of several substances. (Clockwise from top) Graphite (C), potassium permanganate (KMn04), copper sulfate pen-tahydrate (CUSO4 5 H2O), copper (Cu), sodium chloride (NaCI), and potassium dichromate (K2Cr207). Antimony (Sb) is at the center. 

It is customary (and recommended) to name ionic compounds (salts) using the Roman numeral notation, based on group numbers or oxidation states. CUSO4 is copper(I) sulfate, Fe(N03)2 is iron(II) nitrate and KMn04 is potassium permanganate, the Roman numeral being omitted in the last example because potassium cations always carry only +1 charge. 

Incompat Acids, alkalies, alum, ammonia water, amyl nitrite benzoates betanaphthol, phenol, calomel, chloral hydrate, copper sulfate, ferric chloride ferrous sulfate chromium trioxide (chromic acid), cinchona alkaloids, hydrocyanic acid iodides iodine Lead subacetate mercuric chloride, orthoform potassium permanganate, resorcinol, sod. bicarbonate sod. salicylate (in powder) soln arsenic and mercury iodide, spirit nitrous ether (unless prescribed with sod, bicarbonate), syrup ferrous iodide, tartar emetic tannic acid, thymol, urethane, infusions of catechu, cinchona, rose leaves and uva ursi tinctures of catechu, ferric chloride, cinchona, hamanielis iodine, kino, and rhubarb. 

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