Potassium dodecanoate

In Figure 4, the values of log cmc are presented as a function of the logarithm of total concentration of counter ion, log[X]. The slopes of these plots are -0.67 for sodium dodecyl sulfate, -0.6 for potassium dodecanoate, and -0.9 for disodium dodecyl phosphate. 

In accordance with Equation 22, the values of log cmc + (Pll/-) log f+ are also plotted against log[X] in the same figure. Thelinear relations obtained now give slopes of -0.9 for sodium dodecyl sulfate and potassium dodecanoate, and -1.8 for disodium dodecyl phosphate, which are in fairly good agreement with the theoretical values of -1 and -2, respectively. The results obtained here suggest that the condensation of counter ions on the ionic micellar surface and the reduction of electrostatic energy play important roles in the ionic micelle formation. 

Lipase potassium dodecanoate -several oils Effect of oU chain length on the trigliceride synthesis [28]... 

As expected, the influence of added nonelectrolytes can be quite different depending on whether the added compound is likely to be located in the micelles or in the in-termicellar solution. The effect of normal alcohols has been studied in detail for potassium dodecanoate the CMC is lowered for all alcohols studied but the effect increases considerably in going from ethanol to decanol (cf. Fig. 2.7). Hydrocarbons, like cyclohexane, n-heptane, toluene, and benzene, have been found to lower the CMC for many surfactants. Strongly hydrophilic substances, like dioxane and urea, have small and complex effects. At higher concentrations they markedly increase the CMC or even inhibit micelle formation. Addition of another similar surface-active agent generally gives a CMC in between the CMCs of the two surfactants. 

U.v. spectroscopy Potassium dodecanoate Ethylbenzene Micelle core Riegelman et al., 1958 ... 

Similar results have been reported for the photocycloaddition of olefins to cyclo-pentenones50). For example, irradiation of 3-n-butylcyclopentenone, (55) in the presence of various olefins ( 10 2-10 I M) in potassium dodecanoate (KDC) gave good to excellent yields of addition products (Scheme XX). The ratio of 58 to 59 isomers increases for all cases in the presence of KDC (Table 6). The change in the... 

Potassium laurate (potassium dodecanoate) [10124-65-9] M 338.4. Recrystallise it three times from EtOH [Neto Helene J Phys Chem 91 1466 1987]. [Beilstein 2 H 360,2 I 156,2 II 318, 2 HI 880, 2 IV 186.] See purification of sodium dodecanoate below. 

Irradiation of 3-Butyl-2-cyc opentenone and l-Acetoxy-I-heptene in Aqueous Potassium Dodecanoate Micelles Typical Procedure26 ... 

Caswell No. 694A Dodecanoic acid, potassium salt EINECS 233-344-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079021 Laurie xid, potassium salt Potassium dodecanoate Potassium laurate. Registered by EPA as an antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide and rodenticicide. MiemFio Co. LLC Organica Inc Safer Inc WNeudorffGMBHKG Woodstream Corp. 

Intermolecular.— The control of regiospecificity in photocycloadditions remains a much sought after goal, de Mayo and Syndes have found that some control can be exercised on the reaction when the cycloadditions are carried out in micellar potassium dodecanoate (KDC). The ratios of products are sufficiently different (Table 1) from those obtained in non-polar solvents to merit further study of this... 

Fig. 17. NMR spectrum of [CoINHs) ] in a potassium dodecanoate mesophase. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 134. 1991 American Chemical Society.)...

Potassium dodecanoate micelles solubilize about 40 styrene molecules [SI], If only the monomer in a single micelle polymerized die molar mass of the polystyrene formed could not be significantly in excess of 4160 g mol, whereas the average molar mass determined visctmietrically was 2.25 x 10 g mol (511. Polymerization was initiated in cmly 1 in 700 micelles. After the micelles have completely dispersed the onulsion may be destabilized by loss of emulsifier from monomo- droplets although the optimum emulsifier concentration is sufficient to keep the emulsion stable until all the residual mcaiomer is absorbed into the latex particles at the end of Interval n. 

Harkins calculated from the solubility of styrene in water (0.00368 mol dm at 50 °C [50]) that there are 4 x 10 molecules dm . In a 3% solution of potassium dodecanoate there are about 1 x 10 micelles dm , but with 61 molecules per micelle with an unswollen radius of 2.1 nm the cross-sectional area of the monomer-swollen micelles exceeds that of the styrene molecules by a factor of at least 12. Hence the micelles are more likely to capture initiator radicals produced in the aqueous phase. Polymerization within the micelles must be much faster than in the water because the concentration of styrene will be much the same as in bulk (8.5 mol dm ). The molar mass of the polystyrene produced is much larger than the molar mass of all the styrene molecules solubilized in a micelle thus, the monomer must be able to diffuse through the aqueous phase from other micelles and monomer droplets to allow the polymer radical to continue to grow until it is finally terminated by the entry of another initiator radical from the aqueous phase. Under the standard conditions of the mutual recipe (Table 4.1) there is 180 g water to 100 g styrene taking the emulsion droplets to have a radius of 1 pm, the ratio of the total cross-sectional areas of droplets to micelles to monomer molecules is about 1 30 2.5. The ratio of total surface areas would be even more heavily biased in favour of micelles. Hence it is probable that many more radicals will be captured from the aqueous phase by the micelles than by the emulsion droplets or than react with the monomer molecules in aqueous solution. 

Potassium dodecanoate. See Potassium laurate Potassium dodecylbenzene sulfonate CAS 27177-77-1 EINECS/ELINCS 248-296-2 Synonyms Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, potassium salt... 

Synonyms Dodecanoic acid, potassium salt Potassium dodecanoate... 

Figure 19.8. Addition of simple alcohols gives a lowering of the CMC (in this case for potassium dodecanoate) which is approximately linear with the cosolute concentration. The slope increases rapidly when the alcohol becomes less polar. (Redrawn from K. Shinoda, T. Nakagawa, B. -I. Tamamushi and T. Isemura, Colloidal Surfactants Some Physicochemical Properties, Academic Press, London, 1963)...

The diameter of the micelles increases on solubilization for example, according to X-ray measurements on styrene in potassium oleate micelles, the diameter increases from 4.3 to 5.5 nm. As polymerization proceeds, however, the diameter of the micelles decreases first because of the contraction. Polymerization does not take place in all the micelles, since, for example, in the styrene/potassium dodecanoate system, only 1/700 of all the micelles are converted to latex particles. 

Figure 2.11 Effect of normal alcohols on the CMC of potassium dodecanoate (25 C). Micelles does not form in concentrated alcohol solution (3M propanol = 23% v/v, 3M butanol = 27.5% v/v). Milky emulsion formation occurs with very low amounts of lone chain alcohols (from [29]).

Irradiation of 3-alkylcyclopent-2-enone in cyclohexane gives predominantly (19). In micelles of potassium dodecanoate the ratio of (19) to (20) is 1 99 for R = decyl suggesting that orientation within the micelle controls the stereochemistry of the product. ... 

Dimerization of photoreactive olefins is generally enhanced in micelles. In iso-phorone (128) dimerization, the ratio of possible photodimers is altered on micellization, and acenaphthene dimerization to (129) gives 95% of product in non-ionic or anionic surfactant solution, but 10% on irradiation in benzene solution under otherwise identical conditions. The cis.trans ratio varies from 22.3 1 in sodium lauryl sulphate micelles, but 0.06 1 at low substrate concentration in non-ionic micelles. The crossed photodimer (130) is a significant product on co-irradiation of acenaphthene and acrylonitrile in micelles, but not in benzene. Irradiation of 3-alkylcyclopentenones in micelles of potassium dodecanoate gives 98% of head-to-head dimer (131), which is never the dominant product in organic solvents. This result implies ordering of the... 

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