Positive and Negative Syndrome

Sharafi, M. (2005) Comparison of classical and clozapine treatment on schizophrenia using positive and negative syndrome scale of schizophrenia (PANSS) and SPECT imaging. IrU. J. Med. Sci. 2,79-86. 

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Children and Adolescents (K-PANSS) (Fields et al., 1994) Rating scale for positive and negative symptoms and other symptoms Interviewer rating Parent/Child 6-16... 

Abbrevations CGI, Clinical Global Impressions scale SCZ, schizophrenia GAS, Global SczAD (schizoaffective disorder) PANNS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. 

In a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 140 patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia were treated with NAC (2 g/day) as an add-on to their antipsychotic maintenance medication over a 24-week interval followed by a 4-week washout. NAC administration moderately improved the clinical outcomes on the basis of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity and Improvement scales, and reduced positive and negative symptoms scores (based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)). In addition, the severity of abnormal movements measured by the Barnes Akathisia Scale was diminished. The moderate effects of NAC treatment on a refractory cohort of patients indicate that NAC is an effective add-on strategy for chronic schizophrenia, (Berk et al., 2008). 

Compared with clozapine, considered the gold standard for treatment of patients with refractory schizophrenia, olanzapine had the same level of efficacy (according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)) in 150 patients (mean age, 38 years 60% men) who had failed to respond to conventional neuroleptic drugs because of either insufficient effectiveness or intolerable adverse effects (52). Of these, 147 patients, 52 from Hungary and 95 from South Africa, were randomized to olanzapine (n = 75) or clozapine (n = 72) there were no statistically significant... 

In a 1-year randomized comparison of risperidone (mean age 39 years 236 men n = 349) and conventional neuroleptic drugs (mean age 38 years 231 men n = 326), risperidone produced statistically superior scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia, Barnes Akathisia Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scale however, there was no statistically significant difference in resource utilization between the two groups (29). This study, the Risperidone Outcome Study of Effectiveness (ROSE), was supported by Janssen, the market authorization holder of risperidone. 

Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opier LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987 13 261-276. 

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Clinician-rated 30-item scale, 7-point severity scale Based on the 18-item brief psychiatric rating scale... 

Risperidone and blonanserin In a randomised comparison of risperidone and blonanserin in 206 patients with schizophrenia the mean change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at the final evaluation time point was —24 with blonanserin and -25 with risperidone [125 ]. Dysarthria, dizziness, increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and increased blood prolactin concentrations were more frequent with risperidone hand tremor was more frequent with blonanserin. 

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