Porcine dermis

Human cadaveric dermis has been used by Chung et al. with an 84.2% success rate in cystocele (anterior vaginal wall) repair. In this study, 5.3% of the implants had to be removed due either to infection or to recurrence. Similarly, a study published by Lebouef et al. reports a 93.1% success rate with the use of Pelvicol (crosslinked porcine dermis). 

The primary animal species from which implants for human clinical use are fashioned include bovine, equine and swine. Bovine-derived medical implants have been in clinical use for over 20 years. The majority of these are coUagen-based implants derived from Type-1 dermal collagen (Patino et al., 2002 Ramshaw et al., 2001). Other bovine tissues collected for human use include the pericardium (Li et al., 2011) as well as vascular grafts (Guidoin et al., 1989). Porcine-derived implants materials are also used in a wide array of specialities. Primary uses include porcine dermis for repair and augmentation of soft-tissue repair (Smart et al., 2014), cardiac valves (Manji et al., 2012) and small intestine (Parmenter, 2001 KnoU, 2001). To a much... 

Smart, N.J., Bryan, N., Hunt, J.A., Daniels, I.R., 2014. Porcine dermis implants in soft-tissne reconstruction current status. Biologies 8, 83-90. 

The Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Tissue Adhesive in T-Peel by Tension Loading, ASTM F 2256-03, was not employed for testing barrier dressings only porcine tissue was available in 15 cm strips that possessed thick hair on the epidermis side and a thick fat layer on the underside that was not conducive to testing. Removal of the fat layer to isolate the dermis will be necessary before testing by the T-Peel method. 

The penetration of CysA in the skin and its percutaneous delivery were assessed in an in vitro model of porcine ear skin using a Franz diffusion cell. The quantity of CysA detected in SC and in the epidermis and dermis layers [E + D] was indicative of drug penetration into the skin, whereas the amount of drug in the receptor phase was indicative of its percutaneous dehvery. The in vitro skin penetration and percutaneous delivery of the cubic and hexagonal liquid crystalline phases compared to the control formulation (ohve oil) containing CysA are depicted in Fig. 12.16. 

Given the diversity of potential tissue sources, it may come as a surprise that the number of source tissues used in current soft tissue repair products is quite limited. The vast majority of products in the maricetplace are manufactured using demtis, the innermost layers of the skin, or pericardium, the thin fibrous sac surrounding the heart other sources include porcine small intestinal submucosa and human fascia lata. The number of species from which tissues are harvested is also limited. Dennis is obtained predominately from hnman, porcine, and bovine somces. Pericardium is conunonly from bovine, porcine, and equine sources. Recently, a new product has been approved in the United States and the European Union for use in wounds that is made from fish dermis" and another made from decellularized porcine liver (MiroMesh, MhoMatrix, Inc.) has been approved for use in soft tissue repair. 

Human cadaveric dermis (AlloDerm ) has been used in a variety of neurosurgical procedures. In a prospective multicenter study by Bejjani et al., ° porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was used to replace dura matter resected during neurosurgery in 59 patients 18 of the patients underwent tumor resection and 32 patients underwent decompression of a Type I Chiari malformation. A water-tight seal was achieved in all 59 cases interoperatively. Mean follow-up was 7.3 months and both CSF leak rate (1.7%) and wound infection rate (3.4%) were comparable to rates reported in the literature for other materials in dural repair. There were no adverse reactions to the graft and SIS was deemed by the authors to be suitable for use in dural repair. 

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