Pond linings

Kumar, J., Jedlicka, J. Selecting and Installing Synthetic Pond-Linings, Chemical Engineering, Feb. 5, 1973, p. 67. 

Commercial elastomeric blends of ethylene terpolymer/PVC system (Alcryn ) are used in outdoor weather stripping, seals and gaskets, coated fabrics, pond linings and a variety of other extruded and molded goods for automotive and industrial applications. 

With regard to American specifications for oxidised bitumen (asphalt), information can be found in standards related to particular use, such as ASTM D 2521 (2014) for canal, ditches, pond lining and so on. 

ASTM D 2521/2521M-76el. 2014. Standard specification for asphalt used in canal, ditch, and pond lining. West Conshohocken, PA ASTM International. 

CSM compounds possess excellent resistance to ozone attack, oxidation, and weathering, even for nonblack products. Also, these CSM compounds usually possess some oil, water, and chemical resistance. Therefore, CSM compounds are used in environmental applications (especially pond linings), insulation for cables, spark plug boots, coated fabrics, hose covers, single-ply roofing, rafts, and folding kayaks. 

Sylvinite is removed from the ponds with scraper-loaders and hauled to a central pit. The salts are then transported to the refinery in a slurry line. KCl is separated from the NaCl by flotation. The flotation process is standard throughout the industry and is the same process used to separate KCl from impurities in a camaUite decomposition process explained later. An amine collector is used as one of the reagents. 

Landfills in wet areas. Because of the problems associated with contamination of local groundwaters, the development of odors, and structural stabihty, landfills must be avoided in wetlands. If wet areas such as ponds, pits, or quarries must be used as landfill sites, special provisions must be made to contain or ehminate the movement of leachate and gases from completed cells. Usually this is accomplished by first draining the site and then lining the bottom with a clay liner or other appropriate sealants. If a clay uner is used, it is important to continue operation of the drainage facility until the site is filled to avoid the creation of uplift pressures that could cause the liner to rupture from heaving. 

Develop a contingency plan for responding to collapse or blockage of the Area 2 sewer line from the building to the decant pond... 

There are no measurements of the actual concentrations of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in groundwater at the RMA during the years of active production of the nerve gas Sarin (i.e., 1953-1957) (EPA 1989). The first actual measurements of the concentration of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the groundwater on the arsenal and surrounding property to the north and west were made in 1974 (Robson 1981). The concentrations of diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the groundwater ranged from 0.5 g/L (analytical detection limit) to as much as 44,000 g/L near the abandoned waste disposal ponds. Diisopropyl methylphosphonate was discharged into a lined reservoir at the RMA in 1956 and was still present 20 years later in concentrations of about 400,000 g/L (Robson 1977). 

Settling ponds, a less sophisticated alternative to mechanical clarifiers, also remove suspended solids by sedimentation. Settling ponds may be clay-lined, synthetic-lined, or unlined and earthen, and have longer retention times than clarifiers. Settling ponds produce less constant solids loadings than mechanical clarifiers, but still provide sufficient solids removal prior to... 

Many polymers are used in barrier applications, either to keep contents in or contaminants out. Food packaging is an excellent example of such usage. Plastic films and containers of many types are used to package food. Blow moldedbottles often contain numerous layers, each of which provides specific benefits. Polyethylene layers are excellent water barriers, polyvinyl alcohol is a good oxygen barrier, and polyethylene terephthalate impedes the diffusion of carbon dioxide from carbonated drinks. Other barrier applications include toothpaste tubes, diaper backsheets, tarpaulins, and geomembranes, which are used to line containment ponds and landfill pits. 

Figures 1 and 2 show the effect of temperature on the extent of binding of DDT to both Pakim Pond Humic Acid and Boonton Humic Acid. The Y axis in these figures is the amount of DDT bound to the humic acid in nanograms of DDT per gram of humic acid. The X axis is the free, truly dissolved DDT in nanograms per liter. This is similar to the presentation of an adsorption isotherm. If the slope of the lines is multiplied by 1000 it becomes analogous to a weight-weight partition coefficient ([g DDT/g D0C]/[g DDT/g water]). This will be referred to as the binding constant.

A pipeline is installed to transport a red mud slurry from an open tank in an alumina plant to a disposal pond. The line is 5 in. sch 80 commercial steel, 12,000 ft long, and is designed to transport the slurry at a rate of 300 gpm. The slurry properties can be described by the Bingham plastic model, with a yield stress of 15 dyn/cm2, a limiting viscosity of 20 cP, and an SG of 1.3. You may neglect any fittings in this pipeline. 

E). The village is approximately 1 km long and 500 m wide, oriented on a south-east to north-west trend. The village is bounded to the south west by a line of south-east to north-west trending ponds that mark the trace of an abandoned channel. The north-east limit of the village is defined by four ponds that trend on a similar orientation, but it is less clear if these ponds were dug or are abandoned channels. 

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