Polyvinyl chloride rigid/flexible

Isolator walls or envelopes may be rigid or flexible typical primary materials are stainless steel and glass, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flexible sheet welded to form an enclosure. 

Polyvinyl chloride PVC (rigid) Polyvinyl chloride PVC (flexible) Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)... 

Polyvinyl chloride is also widely used. Rigid polyvinyl chloride is introduced to the mold in powder form. The material is chosen for durable constructions because of its chemical resistance and ease of processing. It incorporates functional additives and demolds easily. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride can be used to produce flexible parts such as balls and soft toy parts. The polyvinyl chloride is introduced to the mold as either a plastisol or powder. A plastisol is a suspension of granules in a plasticizing agent. When heated, the polymer granules absorb the plasticizer and fuse to form a cohesive, flexible material. 

We find polyvinyl chloride in so many applications because we can formulate it to be rigid, flexible, or any intermediate hardness required. Rigid polyvinyl chloride is used to manufacture siding, pipes, fences, gutters, window and door frames, credit cards, and many other extruded... 

While not mandatory from regulatory guidehnes, much research has been carried out to investigate the extractability of plastic additives in contact with a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, mainly those for parenteral use. The research concentrates on the extractability of plasticizer phthalates, mainly di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into the blood, blood components, and infusion solutions. The purpose for these studies lies in its, up to now, controversial hazardous effects on humans. The amount of additive necessary to turn rigid PVC into a flexible material (40% m/m) and the absence of chemical bonds between the polymer and the plasticizer make it a potentially extractable species. 

Polyvinyl chloride is processed into a number of forms by including additives. Additives are used to vary the properties of PVC so that it can be made soft and flexible or hard and rigid. Additives are also used to inhibit decomposition as a result of exposure to sunlight, ozone, and chemicals. Plasticizers are the primary additive included in PVC materials. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and a host of other phthalates are the most common plasticizers. Plasticizers impart flexibility, thermal stability, strength, and resilience to PVC compounds. PVCs without plasticizers are classified as UPVC the letters stand for unplasticized polyvinyl chloride. UPVC is rigid and used for conduit, containers, gutters, and floor tiles. Other common PVC additives are biocides, lubricants, and pigments. 

Pure polyvinyl chloride alone It a rigid plastic of high volume resistivity. Addition of monomeric liquid plasticizer makes It flexible but lowers volume resistivity seriously. This loss of volume resistivity was not prevented by pre-purification of commercial resin and plasticizer, though It could be worsened by addition of Ionic soluble Impurities. Volume resistivity was surprisingly Increased by heat aging. It was not improved by use of polymeric liquid plasticizers, nor even, surprisingly, by use of nitrile rubber as plasticizer. Flexlblllzatlon without serious loss of volume resistivity was best achieved by internal plasticization by copolymerization with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Further studies are needed to explain these observations and to optimize the use of Internal plasticization In this way. 

Polyvinyl Chloride. (Table 15.5) this is the most versatile of the commercial thermoplastic polymers. It is used mainly for rigid and flexible plastics, for rubberlike products, for coatings on steel, cloth, and paper, and in smaller amounts for specialty fibers. It is processed mainly by extrusion and calendering, and in smaller amounts by injection, compression, and... 

Note-. 2 - sufficient thermal stability and limited reactivity with polymer allows broad use, 1 = marginal thermal stability or potential reactivity with polymer restricts use, 0 = generally unsuitable for use. FPVC, Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride RPVC, Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride PS, Polystyrene LDPE, Low Density Polyethylene HDPE, High Density Polyethylene PP, Polypropylene ABS, Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer PET, Polyethylene terephthalate PA, Polyamide PC, Polycarbonate... 

Vinyl chloride can be polymerised to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is fairly brittle and unsuitable for food contact applications, so it is mixed with plasticisers to soften the polymer and impart flexibility. Plasticised PVC may contain about 30% of plasticisers and is used to make stretch films and flexible PVC. Flexible PVC used for tubing and gaskets may contain di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and stretch films will probably contain di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate and a polymeric adipate plasticiser. Rigid PVC may... 

Pure polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an extremely hard polymer. It, along with some other polymers, can be modified by the addition of plasticizers the greater the ratio of plasticizer to polymer, the greater the flexibility of the polymer. PVC pipe is rigid and contains little plasticizer, while shower curtains contain a large percentage. The most common plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which can be added in concentrations of up to 50%. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for rigid structures like window frames and gutters with only small amounts of additives such as pigments. If PVC is used for flexible things like plastic bags, about 20-30% of dialkyl phthalates such as the compound below are incorporated during polymerization. Why is this ... 

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVQ A formulation that has worked satisfactorily in both rigid and flexible PVC is as follows (5) ... 

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVQ Foams. Rigid PVC foam is inherently fire retardant because of the high chlorine content (56.7%). Flexible PVC foams present increased fire hazards because of the plasticizers they contain. Flammable plasticizers used include alkyl phthalates, as dioctyl phthalate. Non-burning types include alkyl aryl phosphates (phosphate esters). The latter types should improve resistance to ignition and reduce flame spread when compared to the usual phthalate plasticizers (38) (41). 

VdC/EA/MMA teipolymer (latex) Vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer Vinylidene chloride Vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride copolymer Formaldehyde Vinyl chloride Epichlorbhydrin Polyvinyl chloride (latex) Polyvinyl chloride (general) Thermoplastic polyurethane Polycarbonate (flame resistant) Polyurethane flexible foam Polycarbonate (general) Polyurethane rigid foam Acrolein MDI Phosgene TDI... 

Note A = acrylic CA = cellulose acetate CAB = cellulose acetate butyrate CN = cellulose nitrate E = epoxy EC = ethyl cellulose N = nitrile P = phenolic PC = polycarbonate PA = polyamide PE = polyethylene PET = polyester, thermoset PP = polypropylene PS = polystyrene PVA = polyvinyl acetate PVC = polyvinyl chloride UFF = urethane flexible foam UFR = urethane rigid foam. 

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