Pipes, polyvinyl chloride

Ten 10 cm diameter by 305 cm long polyvinyl chloride pipes were supported on wooden frames In the greenhouse. Fifty seven 3.5 cm diameter holes were drilled In a line along the length of each pipe. One end of each pipe was fitted with a fiberglass screen the other end was fitted with an elbow... 

Chemical/Physical. In a laboratory experiment, it was observed that the leaching of a vinyl chloride monomer from a polyvinyl chloride pipe into water reacted with chlorine to form chloroacetaldehyde, chloroacetic acid, and other unidentified compounds (Ando and Sayato, 1984). 

Ando, M. and Sayato, Y. Studies on vinyl chloride migrating into drinking water from polyvinyl chloride pipe and reaction between vinyl chloride and chlorine, Water Res., 18(3) 315-318, 1984. 

The source of copper in drinking water is the plumbing used to convey water in the house distribution system. In small amounts, it is not detrimental to health, but it will impart an undesirable taste to the water. In appropriate concentrations, copper can cause stomach and intestinal distress. It also causes Wilson s disease. Certain types of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes, called CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride), can replace copper for household plumbing. 

The approach discussed above has also been applied by Berens and Daniels to predict the rate of migration of monomer in polyvinyl chloride pipe and has been discussed further by Berens and Hopfenberg The monomer lost, AM, from the polymer in the time interval, a, during a continual open-system storage would be given by... 

Plastic pipes are polymeric in nature (e.g., polyvinyl chloride). Within the pipe are traces of the monomers used in the manufacture of the pipe (e.g., vinyl chloride). In addition, there are a variety of other chemicals added during the manufacture of the pipe as lubricants to facilitate their manufacture or stabilizers to prevent the breakdown of the pipe. In Europe, lead has been used as the stabilizer for pipes, whereas various organic tin compounds have been utilized in the United States. Lead is widely recognized as being toxic. Inorganic tin has a very limited toxicity, but this is not the form of tin that is used. Some of the organic tin compounds are potent nervous system toxins (e.g., trimethyl or triethyl tin), while others appear to adversely affect the immune system (dioctyl tin). The forms of tin used in polyvinyl chloride pipe, however, are primarily monomethyl and dimethyl tin, which are much less active as neurotoxins than the trimethyl tin. There will be some extraction of all these chemicals from the pipe when it is first put into service. However, the concentrations that are found in the water decrease sharply with continued use of the pipe. This is only partially due to the depletion of the chemical from the pipe because continuous water flow will form an impermeable barrier (e.g., calcium carbonate) on the interior of the pipe that minimizes leaching from its surface. 

Army. 1985c. Suitability of polyvinyl chloride pipe for monitoring TNT, RDX, HMX, and DNT in groundwater. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency. Report no. AMX-TH-TE-85037. (authored by Parker LV et al.)... 

Figure 3. Oat / iV/ge National Laboratory unsaturatedflow facility. The intact cores are contained in large polyvinyl chloride pipes, and a filter membrane was c ed to the sediments within a fabricated acrylic endcap at the lower boundary. Tension was maintained through the large white vacuum chambers, which also housed a fraction collector for samples of column effluent. Influent was delivered by a multi-channel pump at the upper boundary. Tensiometers, visible in the side of...

Lead compounds may be found in drinking water where lead piping is used for plumbing purposes. Galvanized water pipes may also release traces of lead since zinc is always accompanied by traces of lead. Similarly, lead stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride pipes may lead to the release of traces of lead into water passing through the pipes. 

TABLE 1,7 CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PIPE AND FITTINGS-... 

TABLE 1.46 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PIPE AND FITTINGS-THERMOPLASTIC PROCESSES... 

Figure 32.1 Typical stress rupture testing curves for a polyvinyl chloride pipe material.

ISO 7387-1 1983 Adhesives with solvents for assembly of unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipe elements - Characterization - Part 1 Basic test methods... 

Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings - Chemical resistance with respect to fluids. 

All commercial polymers are compounds that have additives primarily intended as stabilizers. These additives protect the polymer from oxygen, heat, and other aspects of the environment. Many available polymer products are compounds that involve a wide range of ingredients, including commercial products such as polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyvinyl chloride pipes, mineral-filled polypropylene, and pneumatic tire components. These compounds contain not only stabilizers but also other polymers, fillers, oils, curatives, accelerators (for curatives), and other ingredients. 

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