Polyurethane Synergistic effect

Santerre and collaborators [72,73] also found that the plasma interaction of polyether urethanes was significantly altered by incorporation of sulfonate groups [73] which could be derivatized with amino adds [72]. The synergistic effect of pendant PEO and sulfonate groups grafted onto polyurethanes resulted in prolonged ex vivo occlusion times [482]. These results corresponded well with... 

Cleaning polymer reactors, engines, machinery paint removers Water flushable. Removes vinyl, polyurethane, ABS. polystyrene, and other resin deposits. Residues usj ly dissolve vwlh mild agitation. Easily recovered. Can be used to improve formulations tor paint reriKivers ba on nonflammable solvents. Has synergistic effect in cold cleaners. 

C. S., Wang, C. Y, Chu, P. Y, Chen, K. H., Lo, W. L., Chiou, S. H., Lan, Y. T, Huo, T. L, Lee, S. D., Huang, P. L, 2015. Synergistic effects of carboxymethyl-hexanoyl chitosan, cationic polyurethane-short branch PEI in miR122 gene delivery accelerated differentiation of iPSCs into mature hepatocyte-hke cells and improved stem cell therapy in a hepatic failure model. Acta Biomater. 13, 228-44. doi 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.018. 

Combinations of one or more tertiary amines and a tin catalyst are commonly used in the production of polyurethane, especially in the RIM process. This not only ensures rapid reaction and complete cure by utilization of the synergistic effect, but also allows adjustment of a proper balance between hydroxyl/isocyanate and water/isocyanate reactions resulting in cellular structures without splits, voids or shrinkage. 

Tabka and Widmaier (16,17) imdertook the study of the interactions of azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), firee-radical initiators with stannous and stannic organotin polyurethane catalysts. These workers found a synergistic effect of stannous octoate on the AIBN on the radical polymerization (qv) of methyl methacrylate, increasing the reaction rate and shortening the gelation time. While there was a severe deactivation of the tin(II) atom by the AIBN, there was no measurable effect using organotin(IV) stannic catalysts. 

Hou L, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Shan Z. Synergistic effect of anionic and nonionic monomers on the synthesis of high solid content waterborne polyurethane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 2015 467 46-56. 

Mixtures of phenols and secondary aromatic amines are used as antioxidants for polyurethanes. Their effect is considerably increased by synergistically active compounds, such as thioether, phosphites, or phosphines. They are added during manufacture of the initial substances [513]. 

The construction of a macromolecule including properly chosen elements and fragments [43] with synergistic effect makes it possible to impart a biological activity to polymer materials. One of the routes to the creation of such materials is the synthesis of polyurethane-sulfosemicarbazides modified by transition metal / -diketonates (see Section 2.7.1), as well as polyurethane elastomers based on macroheterocyclic compounds. 

J. Hirst, C. R. Hegedus "Synergistic Soiling, Cleaning and Weathering Effects on Aircraft Polyurethane Topcoats, Met. Finish. 87 (1989) no. 1. 

Borax and boric acid have been used as flame retardants for many years in wood, paper and polyurethane foams. Zinc borate has been adopted by the plastics industry as an alternative to antimony trioxide as a synergist over the last 25 years. (It is effective by itself in silicone rubbers, but its main application in plastics is in combination with other flame retardants.) When combined with ATH it has beneficial results in polyethylene, EVA, EPDM, the acrylics and epoxy polymers. Reduced smoke emission can be achieved by using zinc borate to replace... 

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