Polystyrene spin coating

T.G. Stange, R. Mathews, D.F. Evans, and W.A. Hendrickson, Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization of polystyrene spin coated onto sihcon surfaces, Lang muir 8, 920 (1992). 

T.G. Strange, R. Mathews, D.F. Evans, and W.A. Hendrickson, Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization of polystyrene spin coated onto silicon surfaces, Langmuir 8, 920 (1992) U. Okoroanyanwu, J. Cobb, P. Dentinger, P, C. Henderson, V. Rao, and C. Pike, Defects and metrology of ultrathin resist films, Proc. SPIE 3998, 515 (2000). 

Fig. 8. X-ray reflection diagram of a thin polystyrene film on float glass [160]. The reflectivity R is plotted against the glancing angle . The film is spin coated from solution. A model fit (dashed line) to the reflectivity data is also shown where the following parameters are obtained film thickness = 59.1 0.1 nm, interface roughness glass-polymer = 0.4 0.1 nm, surface roughness polymer-air = 0.6+1 nm, mean polymer density = 1.05 + 0.01 g/cm-3. The X-ray wavelength is 0.154nm...

Brulet, A., Boue, F., Menelle, A. and Cotton, J. P. (2000) Conformation of polystyrene chain in ultrathin films obtained by spin coating. Macromolecules, 33, 997-1001. 

PSTTF is based on polystyrene that has been functionalized through appendage of a tetrathiofulvalene side-chain. The resist is spin-coated from a solution which contains a sensitizer substance, typically a perhaloalkane... 

Both writing and recording were accomplished by two-photon excitation of a spin-coated film containing fluorene 3, the photoacid generator, and polystyrene or, alternatively, in which writing was accomphshed by xy scans... 

Spin-Coating of Polystyrene Thin Films as an Advanced Undergraduate Experiment 121... 

In the following, we introduce the buildup of more complex surface patterns by TASA of colloidal particles on the wrinkled surfaces. We find that the process is rather versatile and can be applied to various particle types like silica particles, gold particles, polystyrene particles, and bionanoparticles like TMV particles. For the latter, we find that even spin-coating of wrinkled substrates results in large range ordering of TMV particles. 

The present chapter describes mainly the radiation effects of various ion beams on spin-coated polystyrene and PMMA films studied mainly by product analysis and by nanosecond ion beam pulse radiolysis. 

Abstract Thin polystyrene films are prepared by spin-coating and annealed above the calorimetric glass transition temperature Tg alternatively in vacuum, in a pure nitrogen atmosphere, in the presence of water vapor or in ambient air. 

An alternative approach to producing a differently functional surface is to use spin coating techniques. This was done by Turner et al. [68], who spun cast layers of polystyrene onto a silica surface. They investigated the nature of the surface and of SDS adsorbed to that surface by neutron reflectivity and IR-ATR. A thin layer of polystyrene, 275 A, was established. The subsequent SDS adsorption was consistent with a monolayer 15 A thick and an adsorbed amount similar to that observed at the air-solution interface. Measurements above the cmc of SDS showed clearly the effects on the adsorption pattern of dodecanol impurities in the SDS. 

Fluorescence-based measurements are already very sensitive and widely used in bio-medical analysis. However, the metallic nanostructures provide further improvement on the sensitivity and limit of detections through the enhancement of the local field. Therefore, a large number of researchers are dedicated to developing substrates for SEFS [46-52]. The effect of the geometrical parameter of the nanostructure on the efficiency of the SEFS is well illustrated in Fig. 9. In this case, the SEFS enhancement factor (SEFS enhancement factor) is plotted against the periodicity of the arrays of nanoholes in gold films. The experiments were realized by spin-coating the arrays of nanoholes with a polystyrene film doped with the oxazine 720 [48]. 

FIG. 14.8 Diffraction efficiency versus time while an SRG was being inscribed on a spin-coated side-chain azobenzene (CH-IA-CA) polymer film.The efficiency is seen to decrease when the film is coated vdth an ELBL film of poly(diallyl dimeti iammpnium chloride) (PDAC) alternated with suifonated polystyrene (SPS), whose molecules do not undergo transtrans isomerization. For an ELBL with 20 biiay-ers, the efficiency dropped considerably, and practically no SRG could be inscribed. From reference 55. 

PS films are prepared by spin-coating polystyrene (280 kDa, Sigma Aldrich) from 1% w/v chloroform solutions onto freshly cleaved mica (1 cm2 area) substrates. These films are placed in a standard UV-ozone reactor for 20 and 40 s [9]. Si3N4 cantilevers with integrated tips are precleaned in the UV-ozone chamber and are enriched with surface hydroxyl groups by immersion in 0.5 M NaOH for 20 min, in 0.1 M HC1 for 10 min, and in 0.5 M NaOH for 10 min (in this order). 

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