Polystyrene film

BiaxiaHy oriented films have excellent tensile strength properties and good tear and impact properties. They are especially well regarded for their brilliance and clarity. Essentially all poly(ethylene terephthalate) film is biaxiaHy oriented, and more than 80% of polypropylene film is biaxiaHy oriented. Polystyrene film is oriented, and a lesser amount of polyethylene, polyamide, poly(vinyl chloride), and other polymers are so processed. Some of the specialty films, like polyimides (qv), are also oriented. 

Fig. 3. Infrared spectra of polystyrene (a) transmission of a 33-p.m thick polystyrene film (b) diffuse reflection of polystyrene powder at a concentration of...

Figure 3 A calculated reflectivity profile for a perdeuterated polystyrene film with a thickness of SO nm on a silicon substrate. The calculation was for a specimen where the interfaces between the specimen and air and the specimen and the substrate were sharp. This causes the reflectivity on average (shown by the dashed line) to decrease in proportion to k or 9. The separation distance between the minima of the oscillations diractly yields the thickness of the specimen, as shown.

Figure 16.16. Plax process for manufacture of biaxially stretched polystyrene film...

The largest outlet for polystyrene is in packaging applications. Specific uses include bottle caps, small jars and other injection moulded containers, blown containers (a somewhat recent development but which has found rapid acceptance for talcum powder), vacuum formed toughened polystyrene as liners for boxed goods and oriented polystyrene film for foodstuffs such as creamed... 

Figure 4 Changes in (a) carbonyl index and (b) hydroxyl index versus irradiation time for polystyrene films. O-con-trol -2,4-DHBP -2H-4MBP -2H-4BB X-DHBP-F A-HMBP-F and D-HBBP-F.

Figure 7 Optical density (280 nm) versus irradiation time (hours) for polystyrene films -2,4-DHB -2H-4BB -DHBP-F A-2H-4MB A-HMBP-F and B-HBBP-F.

Fig. 8. X-ray reflection diagram of a thin polystyrene film on float glass [160]. The reflectivity R is plotted against the glancing angle . The film is spin coated from solution. A model fit (dashed line) to the reflectivity data is also shown where the following parameters are obtained film thickness = 59.1 0.1 nm, interface roughness glass-polymer = 0.4 0.1 nm, surface roughness polymer-air = 0.6+1 nm, mean polymer density = 1.05 + 0.01 g/cm-3. The X-ray wavelength is 0.154nm...

Similar films are obtained from powdered molecular sieves loaded with organic molecules Zeolite Y microparticles embedded into a polystyrene film and loaded with appropriately sized transition metal complexes allow selective electron exchange reactions between trapped and mobile species in the film... 

Kajiyama, T., Tanaka, K. and Takahara, A. (1997) Surface molecular motion of the monodisperse polystyrene films. Macromohcules, 30, 280-285. 

Shuto, K., Oishi, Y, Kajiyama, T. and Han, C. C. (1993) Aggregation structure of a two-dimensional ultrathin polystyrene film prepared by the water casting method. Macromolecules, 26, 6589-6594. 

Once the run is over, there s one other thing to do. Remember that the index mark on the paper is not exact. You have to calibrate the paper with a standard, usually polystyrene film. Some of the peaks in polystyrene are quite sharp, and many of them are very well characterized. A popular one is an extremely narrow, very sharp spike at 1601.4 cm-1 (6.24 pm). 

Remove your sample, and replace it with the standard polystyrene film sample. You will have to remove any reference beam attenuator and turn the 100% control to set the pen at about 90%, when the chart is at 4000 cm-1. 

Fig. 132 IR of polystyrene film pointing out many calibration peaks.

Figure 8. Perylenedicar-boximide derivative 55 has a high practical potential for laser writing on plastics. Upon heating the alkoxycar-bonyl groups are cleaved and 56 is yielded. This reaction is accompanied by an eye-catching color change. The UV-VIS spectra are recorded from a polystyrene film containing 55 before and after heat exposure.

Biaxially oriented polystyrene film, 23 408 Biaxial viscosity, 21 718 Bibenzyl solution, VDC polymer degradation in, 25 717 Bibliographic patent information, 18 212 Bibutyltin dichloride, 24 820 Bicarbonates, 12 66... 

Oriented polystyrene film, 23 408-409 Orifice mixing columns, 16 712 Orifice plates, 11 657-659 26 680 Orifice viscometers, 21 729-730 ORIGEN code, 19 673 Orimulsion, 3 769... 

Figure 1. Ratio of excimer (le) to monomer (Im) fluorescence intensifies of spin cast polystyrene films as a function of (spin speed)...

Figure 2. Time dependence for 600K MW polystyrene films spin cast at 8,000 rpm and annealed at different temperatures.

The wavelength (or wave number) scale calibration of infrared spectrophotometers is usually carried out with the aid of a strip of polystyrene film fixed on a frame. It consists of several sharp absorption bands, the wavelengths of which are known accurately and precisely. Basically, all IR-spectrophotometers need to be calibrated periodically as per the specific instructions so as to ascertain their accuracy and precision. 

IR spectrum of polystyrene film used to check instrument calibration. 

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