Polystyrene in methyl acetate

Kubota, K. Abbey, K. M. Chu, B., "Static and Dynamical Properties of a Polymer Solution with Upper and Lower Critical Solution Points. NBS 705 Polystyrene in Methyl Acetate," Macromolecules, 16, 137 (1983). 

In systems 5 and 6, this phenomenon is a result of hydrogen-bond formation between the polymer and solvent, which enhances the solubility. As hydrogen bonds are thermally labile, a rise in T reduces the number of bonds and causes eventual phase separation. In solutions, which are stabilized in this way by secondary bonding, the LCST usually appears below the boiling temperature of the solvent, but it has been found experimentally that an LCST can be detected in nonpolar systems when these are examined at temperatures approaching the critical temperature of the solvent. Polyisobutylene in a series of n-alkanes, polystyrene in methyl acetate and cyclohexane, and cellulose acetate in acetone all exhibit LCSTs. 

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of polystyrene in methyl acetate and methyl acetate-d6... 

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of polystyrene in methyl acetate and methyl acetate-d6 Data extract from Landolt-Bornstein VIII/6D3 Polymers, Polymer Solutions, Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties Equilibria of Ternary Polymer Solutions) ... 

KUB Kubota, K., Abbey, K.M., and Chu, B., Static and dynamical properties of a polymer solution with upper and lower critical solution points. NBS 705 polystyrene in methyl acetate, MacrowotecMtes, 16, 138, 1983. 

WAK Wakker, A., Van Dijk, F., and Van Dijk, M.A., Phase behavior of polystyrene in methyl acetate A static light scattering sta y,Macromolecules, 26, 5088, 1993. 

KIK Kikuchi, A. and Nose, T., Unimolecular-micelle formation of poly(methyl methaciylate)-grq -polystyrene in isoamyl acetate. Polymer, 37, 5889, 1996. 

Table 3 Coexistenee data (eloud points (UCST-behavior)) of polystyrene (Afw/(g/mol) = 2000000, M /M = 1.30) in methyl acetate (C3H6O2) and methyl aeetate-d6 (C3D6O2) [2008SIP1],...

TA4 Tager, A.A. and Galkina, L.A., Thermodynamic stndy of the process of solution of polystyrene in methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate (Rnss.), Nauchn. Dokl. Vyssh. ShkoL, Khim. Khim. TekhnoL, (2), 357, 1958. 

The important features of rigidity and transparency make the material competitive with polystyrene, cellulose acetate and poly(methyl methacrylate) for a number of applications. In general the copolymer is cheaper than poly(methyl methacrylate) and cellulose acetate, tougher than poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene and superior in chemical and most physical properties to polystyrene and cellulose acetate. It does not have such a high transparency or such food weathering properties as poly(methyl methacrylate). As a result of these considerations the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers have found applications for dials, knobs and covers for domestic appliances, electrical equipment and car equipment, for picnic ware and housewares, and a number of other industrial and domestic applications with requirements somewhat more stringent than can be met by polystyrene. 

Much work on the preparation of nonaqueous polymer dispersions has involved the radical polymerization of acrylic monomers in the presence of copolymers having the A block the same as the acrylic polymer in the particle core 2). The preparation of polymer dispersions other than polystyrene in the presence of a PS-PDMS diblock copolymer is of interest because effective anchoring of the copolymer may be influenced by the degree of compatibility between the PS anchor block and the polymer molecules in the particle core. The present paper describes the interpretation of experimental studies performed with the aim of determining the mode of anchoring of PS blocks to polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) particles. 

Emulsion polymerization is used for 10-15% of global polymer production, including such industrially important polymers as poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly (vinyl acetate) [196]. These are made from aqueous solutions with high concentrations of suspended solids. The important components have unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds. Raman spectroscopy is well-suited to address these challenges, though the heterogeneity of the mixture sometimes presents challenges. New sample interfaces, such as WAI and transmission mode, that have shown promise in pharmaceutical suspensions are anticipated to help here also. 

Fig. 12.1.1 Dependence of order parameter, S. of the secondary polymer, spin-labeled poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PST), bound to poly(maleic anhydride—styrene )-grafted silica on hexane content in ethyl acetate-hexane cosolvent. Numbers in parentheses are number average molecular weight of the secondary polymer. (From Ref. 48.)...

Deters (14) vibromilled a blend of cellulose and cellulose triacetate. The acetic acid content of cellulose acetate decreased with grinding time (40 h) while that of the cellulose increased, suggesting the formation of a block or graft copolymer or of an esterification reaction by acetic acid developed by mechanical reaction. Baramboim (/5) dissolved separately in CO polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(vinyl acetate). After mixing equal volumes of solutions of equivalent polymer concentration, the solvent was evaporated at 50° C under vacuum and the resultant product ball-milled. The examination of the ball-milled products showed the formation of free radicals which copolymerized. 

Considering now reactions (5 a) and (5 b) (p. 176), it was found that the addition of monomers to macroradicals produced by chain transfer depends directly on the reactivity and polarity of both the radical and the monomer (203) and that the Q—e scheme of Alfrey and Price can be applied to these graft copolymerizations by chain transfer (227). In this way some unsuccessful attempts for grafting were interpreted, e. g. vinyl acetate on polystyrene and methyl methacrylate on polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride. 

Commercially, suspension polymerizations have been limited to the free radical polymerization of water-insoluble liquid monomers to prepare a number of granular polymers, including polystyrene, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), polytetrafluoroethylene, extrusion and injection-molding grades of poly(vinyl chloride), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), and extrusion-grade poly(vinylidene chloride-covinyl chloride). It is possible, however, to perform inverse suspension polymerizations, where water-soluble monomer (e.g., acrylamide) is dispersed in a continuous hydrophobic organic solvent. 

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