Polyphenols overview

Some of the bioactive phytochemicals found in fmits and vegetables are polyphenols, including flavonoids. This chapter provides a general overview of the relationship between flavonoids and health. The mechanisms of action believed to be behind the healthful effects of some compounds will also be mentioned. 

Crozier A, Jaganath IB, Clifford MN. 2006b. Phenols, polyphenols and tannins An overview. In Crozier A, Ashihara H, Clifford MN, Eds. Plant Secondary Metabolites and the Human Diet. Oxford Blackwell Publishing, PP. 1-31. 

FIGURE 7.12 Overview of the biosynthesis of the main polyphenols from the phenylalanine precursor (adapted from Naczk and Shahidi, 2004). 

More recently, there has been a renewed recognition of the potential of bark-derived polyphenols for adhesives as a result of improved understanding of the chemical structure of these materials (, 5), new types of formulations (5), and the fact that tannins are being commercially used in adhesives in South Africa (7), thus serving as a prototype for utilization in other parts of the world. In order to properly assess the current developments in this field, this overview will provide a historical perspective on adhesives based on tannins as well as a summary of the extraction techniques and chemical structures. Finally, areas where additional work could be fruitful will be suggested. 

Unlike the common walnut, there is virtually no information available in peer-reviewed literature about the nutritional composition and value of heartnut. The polyphenolic and lipid compositions of the heartnut and how they contribute to the total antioxidant activities have been recently reported [2,3]. This chapter provides a more comprehensive overview about this special tree nut and its potential as a healthy food for consumers and a value-added new crop for growers. Due to lack of information about heartnut, literature reviews on the nutritional composition will mainly be on the common walnut. Furthermore, we will focus our discussions on the phenolic, tocopherol, and fatty acid contents and their contribution to human health through cholesterol reduction and antioxidative properties. 

Motilya, M.J., Serra, A., and Macii, A. 2013. Analysis of food polyphenols by ultra high-performance chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry An overview. J. Chromatogr. A 1292 66-82. 

Handique, J.G., Baruah, J.B. 2002. Polyphenolic compounds An overview. Reactive and... 

Figure 1 Schematic overview of the interactions between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota and the human host metabolome.

Scheme 2 Overview of endo- and exogenous metabolites associated with the long-term intake of dietary polyphenols in black tea (BT), green tea (GT) and grape/wine(GW) extracts, observed by HNMR in urine, plasma, faeces and in-vitro faecal batch...

The discussion in this chapter focused on the developments of analytical techniques in the field of polyphenols separation and fractionation and provided at the same time an overview on the methods developed to enable identification of these compounds. 

Crozier, A., Jaganath, LB. Cliford, M.N. (2006). Phenols, polyphenols and tannins An overview. In Plant Secondary Metabolites (eds A. Crozier, M.N. Clifford H. Ashihara), pp. 1-24. Blackwell, Oxford. 

Crozier, A., Jaganath, I.B., and M.N.C. 2006. Phenols, polyphenols and tannins an overview. In Plant secondary metabolites occurrence, structure and role in the human diet. Wiley-Black-well, Oxford U.K., 1-24. 

In this chapter we will provide a broad overview of the flavor interactions that may occur in foods considering how flavors interaction with nonvolatiles in foods [6]. Initially the interaction of flavorings with the major food constituents (e.g., lipid, carbohydrates, and proteins) will be discussed. The final section will include some discussion of interactions with minor constituents (e.g., melanoidins, polyphenolics, and high potency sweeteners) as literature permits. The reader is encouraged to go to more detailed reviews included in books edited by Taylor [ 1 ] or symposia proceedings such as Roberts and Taylor [3], Schieberle and Engel [4], Teranishi et al. [2], or Taylor and Mottram [5]. 

Handique JG, Baruah JB (2002) Polyphenolic compounds an overview. React Funct Polym... 

This review gives an overview of enzymatic synthesis and the properties of polymers derived from polyphenols. Catechol derivatives were enzymatically oxidized to form polymers. Urushiol analogues were designed and cured by laccase catalyst to produce artificial urushi of good elasticity. 

Based on the proceedings of the eleventh international Cellucon conference held in Tsukuba, Japan, this book offers a comprehensive overview of recent research undertaken into all aspects of environmentally compatible polymers. It deals with natural and synthetic pol5nner materials such as gels, fibres, pulp and paper, films, foams, blends and composites and shows how environmental compatibility such as biodegradability and recyclabihty can de developed by utifising natlual polymers such as polysaccharides and polyphenols. 

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