Polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMNs

Valentino, M. et al., Effects of lead on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions in occupationally exposed workers. Arch. Toxicol. 65, 685, 1991. 

An immediate response to dust inhalation is the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) across epithelial—endothelial junctions to the alveolar space (see Fig. 3.6). Macrophages release a chemotactic factor that mobilizes and attracts PMNs from the pulmonary blood. However, the initial PMN accumulation clears rapidly. 

Extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the area of injury occurs very early after injury in several different models of experimental TBI, and has been shown to correlate with the development of cerebral edema (101,102). Early canine studies conducted by Rosomoff (16,57) demonstrated that treatment with hypothermia decreased the posttraumatic cellular inflammatory response incited by experimental head injury compared to normothermic controls. This effect of hypothermia is likely mediated by several mechanisms including preservation of the BBB, thereby limiting extravasation of inflammatory cells and mediators into the area of injury (103), suppressing release of cytokines (22), and reducing CBF. 

The patient was profoundly leukopenic with a white blood cell count of 700/pL-28% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN s), 53% band forms, 3% metamyelocytes, 11% lymphocytes, 5% monocytes. [Normally, the total white blood cell count should be between about 4000 and 10,000 per mL.] The serum creatinine was 3.6 mg/dL (indicating significant renal dysfunction, normal creatinine ordinarily should not exceed about 1 mg/dL). A random plasma vancomycin level was 48.8 pg/mL. (Therapeutic range for peak level is 18 to 30 pg/mL.)... 

Hypophysectomy leads to an 80% decrease in interstitial fluid volume which is returned to normal by injection of hCG. The mediator of this effect is either produced directly by the Leydig cells in response to LH or originates in other cell types, e.g., macrophages or Sertoli cells in response to Leydig cell factors. The increases in interstitial fluid volume may be caused by mechanisms similar to those inducing oedema in acute inflammation. After hCG treatment, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) accumulate in testicular blood vessels prior to the increases in the interstitial fluid volume and then migrate into the interstitial spaces 4 and 8 h after injection this invasion by PMNs may be caused by the release of a chemotactic agent [97]. 

In humans, age-related differences have been observed in metabolism of sulfite to sulfate and in formation of sulfur trioxide (Constantin et al. 1996). Constantin et al. (1996) measured sulfur trioxide radicals and sulfite oxidase activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from four groups young adults (average age 25), older adults (average age 65), 3 centenarians (older than 100), and Down syndrome patients. They found significantly increased amounts of sulfur trioxide radicals in PMNs from healthy adults who had low sulfite oxidase activity. In centenarians and Down syndrome patients, generation of the sulfur trioxide radical was the primary mechanism for detoxification of sulfite. There was no correlation between the sulfur trioxide radical and sulfite oxidase activity. 

Inflammation is a spontaneous, physiological reaction which protects the host against hostile environments and which is focussed on protection from invasion of foreign organisms and mechanical injury. Inflammation is associated with a dramatic rise in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes in the affected tissues (e.g. articular joint space during... 

The scavenging effect of berbamine on active oxygen radicals was studied via a spintrapping technique and a chemiluminescence (CL) method in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in four-cell superoxide (02+) or hydroxyl radical (OH ) generating systems. The alkaloid (0.1-0.3 mM) effectively reduced active oxygen radicals in PMA-stimulated PMN, but had no obvious effect on oxygen consumption during the respiratory burst of PMN (as measured with spin probe oxymetry). In addition, berbamine (0.3 mM) inhibited the CL response of PMA-stimulated PMN, and quenched 02 in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase and irradiation riboflavin systems, as well as OH in the Fenton... 

The inhibitory effects of berbamine and ISO natural products on the cytotoxic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was investigated. The research employed the effects of natural products on the PMN activation by the antitumor immunomodulator TAK (a linear P-1,3-D-glucan from Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes) using a PMN cytotoxicity assay system. Berbamine was found to inhibit the activation of PMN activation by TAK, showing an IDJ0 33 pg/ml. From this, and related studies, it was postulated that berbamine may impair the NADPH oxidase system in the plasma membrane of PMN [199]. 

Peroxide is the ammunition of your killer cells. Your body s elite corps of bacterial assassins, called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN s), engulf bacteria then kill them with the "respiratory burst." The cell combines oxygen and water, making H202. That s the respiratory burst. The H202 then zaps the bacteria. 

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