Polymers Large molecules formed by the

Polymers Large molecules formed by the combination of many small molecules (monomers). 

Polymer Large molecule formed by the repetitive combination of many smaller molecules (monomers). 

Polyethylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of ethylene Polymer (Section 6 21) Large molecule formed by the repeti tive combination of many smaller molecules (monomers) Polymerase chain reaction (Section 28 16) A laboratory method for making multiple copies of DNA Polymerization (Section 6 21) Process by which a polymer is prepared The principal processes include free radical cationic coordination and condensation polymerization Polypeptide (Section 27 1) A polymer made up of many (more than eight to ten) amino acid residues Polypropylene (Section 6 21) A polymer of propene Polysaccharide (Sections 25 1 and 25 15) A carbohydrate that yields many monosacchande units on hydrolysis Potential energy (Section 2 18) The energy a system has ex elusive of Its kinetic energy... 

Polymers are large molecules formed by the repetitive bonding together of many smaller molecules, called monomers. As we ll see in the next chapter, biological polymers occur throughout nature. Cellulose and starch are polymers built from small sugar monomers, proteins are polymers built from amino acid monomers, and nucleic acids are polymers built from nucleotide monomers. The basic idea is the same, but synthetic polymers are much less complex than biopolymers because the starting monomer units are usually smaller and simpler. 

Polymers were first introduced in Chapter 4, and discussions of polymers appear throughout the book. We saw that polymers are large molecules formed by the joining of monomers. More than 200 billion pounds of synthetic organic polymers are produced in the United States every year. They are used in a variety of applications, including automobile tires, carpet fibers, clothing, plumbing pipes, plastic squeeze bottles, cups, plates, cutlery, computers, pens, televisions, radios, CDs and DVDs, paint, and toys. Our society has clearly become dependent on polymers. 

Thus a polymer is a substance consisting of large molecules formed by the joining together of simple molecules that are known as monomers where two or more monomers are involved the resultant product is known as a copolymer. As an example, polymerization of ethylene forms a... 

Polymer A polymer is a large molecule formed by the reaction of many smaller monomer molecules. The term is also used collectively to describe material used. 

If the alkoxide ion of one molecule displaces the bromide ion of a second molecule, then the reaction is an intermolecular reaction. Inter is Latin for between, so an intermolecular reaction takes place between two molecules. If the product of this reaction subsequently reacts with a third bifunctional molecule (and then a fourth, and so on), a polymer will be formed. A polymer is a large molecule formed by linking together repeating units of small molecules. 

Polymers are substances whose molecules are very large, formed by the combination of many small and simpler molecules usually referred to as monomers. The chemical reaction by which single and relatively small monomers react with each other to form polymers is known as polymerization (Young and Lovell 1991). Polymers may be of natural origin or, since the twentieth century, synthesized by humans. Natural polymers, usually referred to as biopolymers, are made by living organisms. Common examples of biopolymers are cellulose, a carbohydrate made only by plants (see Textbox 53) collagen, a protein made solely by animals (see Textbox 61), and the nucleic acid DNA, which is made by both plants and animals (see Textbox 64). 

The characteristics of a covalent bond formed by two atoms are due mainly to the properties of the atoms themselves and vary only a little with the identities of the other atoms present in a molecule. As a result, some characteristics of a bond can be predicted with reasonable certainty once the identities of the two bonded atoms are known. For instance, the length of the bond and its strength are approximately the same regardless of the molecule in which it is found. Thus, to understand the properties of a large molecule, such as the resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon ) to chemical attack, we can study the character of C—F bonds in a much simpler compound, such as tetrafluoromethane, CF4, and expect the C—F bonds in the polymer to be similar. 

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