Polymers electrochemical cells

Cabasso, I., Yuan, Y., and Mittelstadt, C., Blend Membranes Based on Poly (phenylene oxide) for Enhanced Polymer Electrochemical Cells, US 5989742, 1999. (The Research Foundation of State University of New York)... 

Cabasso I, Yuan Y, Mittelsteadt C. Blend membranes based on sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) for enhanced polymer electrochemical cells. US Patent 5,989,742 (1999). 

One idea to realize a pin junction with conjugated polymers is to create it in situ by electrochemical doping. By using the conjugated polymer in a solid slate electrochemical cell, the production of bipolar light-emitting pin junction devices can be realized [69, 70]. 

The working principle of the polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell is shown in Figure 9-23 ... 

The majority of electrochemical cells to have been constructed are based on PEO, PAN, or PVdF [101]. Recently, the Yuasa Corporation have commercialized solid polymer electrolyte batteries, primarily for use in devices such as smart cards, ID cards, etc. To date, the batteries which have been manufactured and marketed are primary lithium batteries based on a plasticized polymer electrolyte, but a similar secondary battery is expected [120]. 

The principle of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Grove in 1839 [W. R. Grove, Phil. Mag. 14 (1839) 137]. Today, different schemes exist for utilizing hydrogen in electrochemical cells. We explain the two most important, namely the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). 

Furan was dimethoxylated to give 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran, using electrogenerated bromine molecules generated from bromide salts in electrolyte solutions [71]. This reaction was characterized in classical electrochemical reactors such as pump cells, packed bipolar cells and solid polymer electrolyte cells. In the last type of reactor, no bromide salt or electrolyte was used rather, the furan was oxidized directly at the anode. H owever, high consumption of the order of 5-9 kWh kg (at 8-20 V cell voltage) was needed to reach a current efficiency of 75%. 

What can be learnt from XPS about electrochemical processes will be demonstrated and discussed in the main part of this chapter by means of specific examples. Thereby a survey of new XPS and UPS results on relevant electrode materials will be given. Those electrode materials, which have some potential for a technical application, are understood as practical and will be discussed with respect to the relevant electrochemical process. The choice of electrode materials discussed is of course limited. Emphasis will be put on those materials which are relevant for technical solid polymer electrolyte cells being developed in the author s laboratory. 

Q Pei, G Yu, C Zhang, Y Yang, and AJ Heeger, Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells, Science, 269 1086-1088, 1995. 

Y Cao, G Yu, AJ Heeger, and CY Yang, Efficient, fast response light-emitting electrochemical cells electroluminescent and solid electrolyte polymers with interpenetrating network morphology, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 3218-3220, 1996. 

G Yu, Y Cao, C Zhang, Y Li, J Gao, and AJ Heeger, Complex admittance measurements of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells ionic and electronic contributions, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73 111-113, 1998. 

G. Yu, Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells in Surface Cell Configuration, U.S. Patent... 

Y. Yang and Q. Pei, Light-emitting electrochemical cells from a blend of p- and n-type luminescent conjugated polymers, Appl. Phys. I ett., 70 1926-1928, 1997. 

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