Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells

The working principle of the polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell is shown in Figure 9-23 ... 

Q Pei, G Yu, C Zhang, Y Yang, and AJ Heeger, Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells, Science, 269 1086-1088, 1995. 

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G. Yu, Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells in Surface Cell Configuration, U.S. Patent... 

These novel properties are the basis for a number of application including polymer light emitting diodes (LEDs), polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), conducting polymers as electrochromic materials, polymer photodetectors and polymer photovoltaic cells. These application areas are discussed in detail in Section VII. 

Yang C, Sun Q, Qiao J, et al. Ionic liquid doped polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2003. 107, 12981-12988. 

Gao. J. Yu. G. Heeger. A J. (1997). Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells with frozen p-i-n jimction. Applied Physics Letters, vol. 71, no. 10,1293-5. 

G. Yu, Y. Cao, M. Andersson, J. Gao, and A. J. Heeger. Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells with frozen p-i-n junction at room temperature. Mater., 10 385-388, 1998. 

G) 54 min. Panei H shows cell current (red) and temperature (blue) as a function of time since the DC bias was applied. Uniform enhancement (level adjustment in Photoshop) has been applied to images A-G. Reproduced with permission from reference Hu, Y., Gao, J., 2011. Direct imaging and probing of the p-n junction in a planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 2227-2231. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society. 

Dane, J., Tracy, C., Gao, J., 2005. Direct observation of a frozen junction in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86,153509-1153509. 

Gao, J., A.J. Heeger, I.H. Campbell, and D.L. Smith. 1999. Direct observation of junction formation in polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells. Phys Rev B 59 R2482-R2485. 

Figure 4.21 Schematic of the polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC) structure with an inset of a powered PLEC. From Zhang Z, Kunping G, Yiming L, Xuey L, Guozhen G, Houpu L, et al. A colour-tunable, weavahle fibre-shaped polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell. Nat. Photonics 2015 9 233-8.

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