Polymerization calcium stearate

Metal ions and particularly heavy metal ions tend to sensitize peroxy radical formation, and hence, the presence of metal scavenging or chelating species can offset this effect. This form of stabilization is particularly important for polymers in which metal-containing polymerization catalyst residues are present, such as polyolefins. While simple additives like calcium stearate may be used, more sophisticated ones based on bifunctional chelating species also are available commercially. 

Enikolopyan3 studied the polymerization of this monomer by triethylamine and the ionic salts, calcium stearate and tetrabutylammonium laurate. From kinetic arguments Enikolpyan concludes that a cocatalyst, presumably water, is necessary for amine initiated polymerization. Overall first order kinetics were found with the two salts, whereas with triethylamine the polymerization was of higher order. 

The kinetics of formaldehyde polymerization in toluene solutions (80%) in the presence of tetrabutylammonium laurate, triethyl amine and calcium stearate were also studied. The initiator activity of these compounds decreased in the order tetrabutylammonium laurate> triethyl amine > calcium stearate. It was found that with triethyl amine no spontaneous polymerization was observed. Spontaneous polymerization was apparently an anionic polymerization and was inhibited by CO or formic acid. In our opinion this is an indication that tertiary amines need a co-initiator for formaldehyde polymerization. In the case of water as the co-initiator HO was the initiating anion which was inhibited by CO 2. 

Enikolopyan et al. [17, 25—27] showed that the formaldehyde polymerization at —30° in toluene with calcium stearate and tetrabutyl ammonium laurate was first order and no co-initiator was needed (Fig. 5). The polymerization with triethyl amine was higher than second order and a co-initiator was required. The dependence of the initial first order rate coefficient on initiator concentration showed that active centres were not consumed during the reaction, and indicated that the reaction was first order in monomer as well. 

Fig. 5. Semilogarithmic plots for polymerization of formaldehyde at —30°C (1) catalyst calcium stearate, concentration 4x10" molel (2) catalyst tetrabutyl-ammonium laurate, concentration 2 x 10" mole 1" (3) catalyst triethylamine, concentration 3 x 10" mole 1". g is the degree of conversion.

Fatty adds are predominantly used as intermediates. Main applieations are water soluble soaps for household eleaning, personal care, industrial and institutional (I I) cleaning and synthetic rubber manufacturing by emulsion polymerization. Soaps are made by reaction of fatty acids with caustic alkalis, alkali carbonate or ammonia or (>90%) by direct saponification of the triglyceride oil. Another important group of fatty add soaps are dry, water-insoluble metal soaps used as lubricants or stabilizers for PVC and other plastics and aqueous calcium stearate dispersions applied as paper coating... 

Fig. 2.3. The relation between output at 180 C and 800-N pressure on the piston and the lubricant content for suspension polymerized PVC (M = 35,000). Curve a ethylenediamine distearate (Advawax 280) curve b Wachs E curve c Wachs OP curve d Loxiol G-10 curve e lead stearate curve f calcium stearate curve g bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Vestinol AH special) [23].

Calcium stearate, zinc stearate, potassium stearate and strontium stearate are used as lubricants to ijqirove the flow characteristics of polyolefin resins. These stearates also act as stabilizers by performing acid scavenging in polymers manufactured using acidic polymerization catalysts. 

Uses Emulsifier for calcium stearate, emulsion polymerization Properties Liq. 70% act. 

Surface grafting of barium sulfate is interesting Ifom the point of view of the kinetics of such reactions. Barium sulfate like calcium carbonate, is an inert filler. So it is necessary to modify its surface. First, barium chloride is reacted with sodium sulfate in the presence of a small amount of sodium 12-hydroxystearate. This introduces a controlled number of hydroxyl stearate sites onto the barium sulfate surface. The reaction is followed by a redox graft polymerization of acrylamide initiated by the hydroxyl stearate groups and ceric ion as a catalyst. Figures 6.9 to 6.11 show the effect of reaction substrates concentrations on polymerization rate. 

Synonims 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, acid calcium salt octacosanoic acid, calcium salt (2 1) calcium difluoride propanedioic acid, calcium salt (1 1) 1,5-pentane dicarboxylic acid, calcium salt (lR,2R,3S,4S)-rel-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, disodium salt mixture of polycarbonic acid salt and inorganic carbonate in a polymeric carrier, sodium 2,2 -methylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate bicyclic (2,2,1) heptane di-carboxylate 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, calcium salt -i- zinc stearate bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarbo lic acid, disodium salt, (IR, 2R, 3S, 4S)-rel-and a blend of amorphous silicon dioxide coated wilh 13-docosenamide in a 1 1 ratio proprietary zinc compound octacosanoic acid, calcium salt (2 1) benzoic acid, lithium salt zinc monoglycerolate sodium benzoate encapsulated sodium salts of carbonic and poly-carboxylic acids with styrene and SEES rubber carrier resins zinc,[l,2,3-propanetriolato(2-)-k01,k02]homopolymer, stereoisomer... 

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