Polymer usage

The greatest use of latex paints for indoor applications is based upon vinyl acetate, which constitutes 85% of the total polymer usage, the remainder being acrylates (e.g., n-butyl acrylate). For outdoors or bathroom usage, acrylates are the major components. For various applications, e.g., wood paints, styrene copolymerised with acrylates are used. Flowever, yellowing of the styrene units occurs. 

Ultramarine blues, reds and violets are acid sensitive. As such, their thermal and weathering properties are adversely affected in acidic media. Silica-encapsulated versions offer marked improvement in thermal stability and some improvement in weathering properties. The treated versions allow broad polymer usage, even in engineering plastics such as polycarbonate, and provide sufficient durability for automotive interior applications. Weatherability is highly dependent upon the degree of exposure to acid or alkaline conditions. 

We can see that a similar progression for Europe is shown from 1970 to 1990. The distribution of materials in an average size vehicle of 1,300 kg (2,866 lb) is shown in Table 3.4. The polymer percentage has increased to 114 kg today versus the 30 kg or so utilized in the past. The increased polymer usage represents a substantial mass savings. Body structures represent the largest growth opportunity in the future [1], This includes fascias, wheel frames, body panels, and entire roof modules. 

Table 3.5 presents the various types of polymer materials used in a vehicle, their quantities, and their approximate mass. At 20 kg, interior trim represents the highest amount of polymer usage, followed closely by the dashboard and seats. 

This chapter addresses the application of polymeric biomaterials in the context of implantable devices intended for long-term functionality and permanent existence in the recipients. Basic concepts of biocompatibility as well as mechanical and structural compatibility are discussed to provide appropriate background for the understanding of polymer usage in cardiovascular, orthopedic, ophthalmologic, and dental prostheses. Furthermore, emerging classes... 

Figure 4 Forward Projection of Long-Term Trends in Polymer Usage for Pipes...

The pattern of polymer usage has changed and material formulations have had to be modified to conform with new European Union (EU) legislation relating to the use of hazardous materials in components. Furthermore there is now far more emphasis on recycling rather than landfill disposal and these are issues covered in the report. 

From the point of view of polymer usage the types of particular interest are the PEM and the phosphoric acid PAFC designs. The latter design contains the liquid phosphoric acid in a Teflon bonded silicon carbide matrix. 

A summary of polymer usage in telecommunications applications is given in Table 8.1. This gives a general idea of materials that have been used it is not necessarily comprehensive and the information is not exclusive nor does it differentiate between grades or the use of filled or unfilled plastics. 

It will be seen that just as good a dryness was achieved at the low g level, with the benefit of reduced polymer usage and cleaner centrate. It is apparent that with this relatively heavy process material, the high g produced high torques and low scrolling efficiencies, even with extra pond depth. Lower differentials were possible at the lower g level, to compensate for the smaller g in obtaining the required cake dryness. 

The requirement is to specify a size of decanter that can process the same sludge at 50 m /h to give a cake of 30% dryness or better with the minimum of polymer usage, and good centrate. The salient data for the test machine and two larger machines worthy of consideration are given below. 

The polymer control system can be augmented with a feed solids meter, to give "feed-forward control, fixing the kg/t db polymer usage to an operator set point. 

Manufactured polymer is tested to meet specifications of viscosity, solids and core plug flowability. The polymer product is loaded into railcars dedicated for polymer usage at the manufacturer s plant and transported to a local site in the Los Angeles area. A second check of the product is made at this point to assure the quality of the polymer. The product is transferred to dedicated transport tanks which are trucked to the dock. Product is then transferred to a tank dedicated for polymer which remains on the supply boat, Product... 

Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate Polymer Usage R-l/p-i,2 Low Volatility, High Solvating Miscellaneous Polyurethcuies... 

Diethylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate Polymer Usage R-l/P-1,2... 

Paraffinic oils Polymer Usage Non-polar General Purpose... 

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