Polymer technology processability

V.A. Dovgyalo and O.R. Yurkevich. Composite Materials and Coatings Based on Dispersed Polymers. Technological processes. Minsk, Nauka, 1992. 

Although much less important in tonnage terms than processing in the molten and rubbery states, solution, suspension and polymerisation casting processes have a useful role in polymer technology. The main problem in such processes is to achieve a control of the setting of the shape once formed. 

It is not feasible here to go in any detail into the history of processing methods let it suffice to point out that that history goes back to the Victorian beginnings of polymer technology. Thus, as Mossman and Morris (1993) report, the introduction of camphor into the manufacture of parkesine in 1865 was asserted to make it possible to manufacture more uniform sheets than before. Processing has always been an intimate part of the gradual development of modern polymers. 

Hence, the main aim of the technological process in obtaining fibres from flexible-chain polymers is to extend flexible-chain molecules and to fix their oriented state by subsequent crystallization. The filaments obtained by this method exhibit a fibrillar structure and high tenacity, because the structure of the filament is similar to that of fibres prepared from rigid-chain polymers (for a detailed thermodynamic treatment of orientation processes in polymer solutions and the thermokinetic analysis of jet-fibre transition in longitudinal solution flow see monograph3. ... 

Before the advent of sophisticated polymer technology, sodium alu-minate and sodium silicates (plus caustic) were sometimes used in both external and internal coagulation processes. 

Campion, R.P., Permeation through Polymers for Process Industry Applications, MTI Publication No. 53, Materials Technology Institute of the Chemical Process Industries, St Louis, MO distributed by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2000. 

The choice of additives depends on numerous parameters concerning the nature of the polymer, the processing constraints (notably heat exposure, mixing technology), end-product aesthetics, and the durability under service conditions of the end product. 

Miller, R., Advancing Technologies Oxidizers, Polymers, and Processing, Solid Rocket Technical Committee Lecture Series, AlAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nevada, 1994. 

Organic surfaces are encountered in a wide range of situations where interfacial properties impact a material s performance characteristics. For example, a polymer s interfacial characteristics determine chemical and physical properties such as permeability, wettability, adhesion, friction, wear, and biocompatibility. " However, polymers frequently lack the optimum surface properties for these applications. Consequently, surface modification techniques have become increasingly desirable in technological applications of polymers. - These processes are capable of tuning the properties of... 

This paper discusses the latest advances in manufacturing Community Antenna Television (CATV) cables via the gas injection process. Developments in polymer technology are discussed which have led to the production, by gas injection, of highly expanded, ultra low dielectric loss PE cable insulation for CATV and data transmission 3 refs. 

Provder, T. 2006. Film Formation, Process, and Morphology. Oxford University Press, New York. Rudin, A. 1998. Elements of Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Academic, Orlando, EL. Shibaev, V. and Lam, L. 1993. Liquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers. Springer, New York. Sinha, R. 2002. Outlines of Polymer Technology Manufacture of Polymers and Processing Polymers. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Clifts, NJ. 

Partially fluorinated polymers, notably polyfvinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers, are readily processed by conventional polymer technology and generally have chemi-... 

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