Polymer technology, definition

Written by foremost experts in the field from industry and academia, these books place particular emphasis on structure-property relationships of polymers and manufacturing technologies as well as their practical and novel applications. The aim of each book in the series is to provide readers with an in-depth treatment of the state-of-the-art in that field of polymer technology. Collectively, the series will provide a definitive library of the latest advances in the major polymer families as well as significant new fields of development in polymer science. 

The technological definition of compatibilization, such as in the modification of NR blends, is the process that produces a desirable set of properties. These approaches can be defined and may assist the development of materials. Table 7.2 shows the various types of compatibilization techniques for several NR/polymer blended applications. 

A polymer blend is a physical or mechanical blend (alloy) of two or more homopolymers or copolymers. Although a polymer blend is not a copolymer according to the above definition, it is mentioned here because of its commercial importance and the frequency with which blends are compared with chemically bonded copolymers. Another technologically significant material relative to the copolymer is the composite, a physical or mechanical combination of a polymer with some unlike material, eg, reinforcing materials such as carbon black, graphite fiber, and glass (see Composite materials). 

A large part of polymer processing technology can be summed up in the statement get the shape then set the shape. The purpose of this chapter will be to try to expand on this, showing how processing behaviour can be related to fundamental polymer properties. We shall not at this instance concern ourselves with compounding techniques but be primarily concerned with the production of objects of definite shape and form. 

The difference between chemical and feedstock recycling is pecuhar. As we will see in the next sections, there is, in essence, hardly any technology that recycles polymers into its own monomers. In this report we will concentrate on feedstock recycling, but in this broad definition we will include chemical recycling as well, see Section 5. 

Whether there is currently a nanotechnology is a question of definition. If one asks whether there are (or are soon likely to be) commercial electronic fluidic, photonic, or mechanical devices with critical lateral dimensions less than 20 nm, the answer is no, although there may be in 10 to 20 years. There is, however, a range of important technologies—especially involving colloids, emulsions, polymers, ceramic and semiconductor particles, and metallic alloys—that currently exist. But there is no question that the field of nanoscience already exists. 

Dr. Mark is acknowledged throughout the scientific community as the father of polymer science. He received the National Medal of Science in 1980, the 1978 Senior U.S. Scientist Award, 29 other medals and awards from various international organizations, and 17 honorary degrees. In 1977, he was appointed as an Honorable Member of the Japan Chemical Society. He has published over 500 original and review articles and some 20 books on topics related to polymer chemistry. Dr. Mark is founder and first editor of the Journal of Polymer Science, the definitive publication in its field, and is currently editor of the Journal of Applied Science and associate editor of the Textile Research Journal. In addition to these duties he serves as Chairman of the Editorial Board of the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology. 

With all of the advances in polymer science and conjugation technology, many methods have been developed to increase the feasibility of oral peptide and protein delivery. There is still no single mechanism that can be used to protect a protein or peptide from degradation and increasing oral availability, but with the multitude of new methods for allowing a protein to negotiate natural barriers, oral delivery of any systemically active protein is a definite possibility at some point in the future. 

World Patents Index. WPI, produced by Derwent Publications, Ltd., contains records of patent publications from 32 issuing authorities around the world. Since 1970, all chemical technologies are included. Prior to then, content varies as follows polymers from 1966, agricultural chemicals from 1965, and pharmaceuticals from 1963. Records contain bibliographic data and an abstract, which describes the novel features of the patent. The patent tides and abstracts in WPI are created by Derwent and generally give a more definitive description of the patent s content than the title and abstract, which appear on the document itself Records also list equivalent or family member patents that have been identified as covering the same or related invention(s) (92). 

---