Polymer Synonyms

SYNONYMS.LIS This file has the names of polymers and their standard abbreviations. The format is columns  

SYNONYMS.LST This file contains a list of polymers and their synonyms. 

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Network polymer Synonymous with cross-linked polymer. 

Formaldehyde/toluenesulfonamide polymer Synonyms Formaldehyde o- and p-toluene sulfonamide... 

Methyl acrylate polymer Synonyms Methyl acrylate, polymerized Polymerized methyl acrylate Empirical C4H6O2... 

It is the third of these criteria that offers the most powerful insight into the nature of the polymerization process for this important class of materials. We shall frequently use the terms step-growth and condensation polymers as synonyms, although by the end of the chapter it will be apparent that step-growth polymerization encompasses a wider range of reactions and products than either criteria (1) or (2) above would indicate. 

The initiators which are used in addition polymerizations are sometimes called catalysts, although strictly speaking this is a misnomer. A true catalyst is recoverable at the end of the reaction, chemically unchanged. Tliis is not true of the initiator molecules in addition polymerizations. Monomer and polymer are the initial and final states of the polymerization process, and these govern the thermodynamics of the reaction the nature and concentration of the intermediates in the process, on the other hand, determine the rate. This makes initiator and catalyst synonyms for the same material The former term stresses the effect of the reagent on the intermediate, and the latter its effect on the rate. The term catalyst is particularly common in the language of ionic polymerizations, but this terminology should not obscure the importance of the initiation step in the overall polymerization mechanism. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Fonnaldehyde polymer Polyformaldehyde Polyfooxymethylene Polyoxymethylene glycol Chemical Formula HO(CHjO) H. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms PAPI Chemical Formula C (NCO)CH2CjH4(NCO)-and polymer. 

The words polymers and plastics are often taken as synonymous but in fact there is a distinction. The polymer is the pure material which results from the process of polymerisation and is usually taken as the family name for materials which have long chain-like molecules (and this includes rubbers). Pure polymers are seldom used on their own and it is when additives are present that the term plastic is applied. Polymers contain additives for a number of reasons. The following list outlines the purpose of the main additives used in plastics. 

The term compatibility is used extensively in the blend literature and is used synonymously with the term miscibility in a thermodynamic sense. Compatible polymers are polymer mixtures that do not exhibit gross symptoms of phase separation when blended or polymer mixtures that have desirable chemical properties when blended. However, in a technological sense, the former is used to characterize the ease of fabrication or the properties of the two polymers in the blend [3-5]. 

The term s plastic, polymer, resin, elastomer, and reinforced plastic (RP) are some-what synonymous. However, polymer and resin usually denote the basic material. Whereas plastic pertains to polymers or resins containing additives, fillers, and/or reinforcements. Recognize that practically all materials worldwide contain some type of additive or ingredient. An elastomer is a rubberlike material (natural or synthetic). Reinforced plastics (also called composites although to be more accurate called plastic composites) are plastics with reinforcing additives, such as fibers and whiskers, added principally to increase the product s mechanical properties. 

Strictly speaking, the terms molar mass and molecular weight refer to different quantities. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of polymer molecules and measured in g/mol, whereas molecular weight is dimensionless and refers to the weight (mass) of a single polymer molecule measured as multiples of the atomic mass unit u. The numerical values of both quantities are identical. Usually, no such strict distinction is made in the literature, and also in this contribution both terms will be used as synonyms for the strict term molar mass. 

In latex technology, a submicro scopic aggregation of oriented molecules in polymer technology it is synonymous with crystallite. The term is also applied to the aggregates of soap molecules formed in emulsion polymerisation. Micro... 

Polynucleotide a polymer formed from nucleotide subunits a synon3m for nucleic acid. Polypeptide a synonym for protein. 

The basic theories of physics - classical mechanics and electromagnetism, relativity theory, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, quantum electrodynamics - support the theoretical apparatus which is used in molecular sciences. Quantum mechanics plays a particular role in theoretical chemistry, providing the basis for the valence theories which allow to interpret the structure of molecules and for the spectroscopic models employed in the determination of structural information from spectral patterns. Indeed, Quantum Chemistry often appears synonymous with Theoretical Chemistry it will, therefore, constitute a major part of this book series. However, the scope of the series will also include other areas of theoretical chemistry, such as mathematical chemistry (which involves the use of algebra and topology in the analysis of molecular structures and reactions) molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and chemical thermodynamics, which play an important role in rationalizing the geometric and electronic structures of molecular assemblies and polymers, clusters and crystals surface, interface, solvent and solid-state effects excited-state dynamics, reactive collisions, and chemical reactions. 

A substantial number of definitions in the terminology section are either of physical quantities or are expressed mathematically. In such cases, there are recommended symbols for the quantities and, when appropriate, corresponding SI units. Other terms have eommon abbreviations. The following format is used to indicate these essential eharaeteristics name of term (abbreviation), symbol, SI unit unit. Typical examples are tensile stress, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). If there are any, alternative names or synonyms follow on the next line, and the definition on the sueeeeding lines. 

Nevertheless, it is useful to think of the macromolecules of a polymer as being represented by a single structure that may itself be hypothetical. To the extent that the structure can be portrayed as a chain of structural repeating units (SRUs) or constitutional repeating units (CRUs) (the terms are synonymous), the structure can be named by the rules in this report in addition, provision has been made for including end-groups in the name. 

Note 3 For polymer blends, no account is taken of the miscibility or immiscibility of the constituent polymers, i.e. no assumption is made regarding the number of phases present. Note 4 The general use of the term polymer alloy as a synonym for a polymer blend is discouraged. 

CA s policy for naming acetylenic, acrylic, methacrylic, ethylenic, and vinyl polymers is to use the source-based method, and source-based representation is used to depict the polymers graphically thus, a synonym for polyethylene is polyethylene and not poly(1,2-ethanediyl) a synonym for polypropylene is polypropylene, and poly(vinyl alcohol) is named ethenol homopolymer although ethenol does not exist. Thus, these polymers are named and represented structurally by the source-based method, not the structure-based method. 

Since N x is synonymous with the mole or number fraction of molecules in the polymer mixture that are x-mers (i.e., that contain x structural units), then... 

The ratio Xw/Xn is synonymous with the ratio MwfMn discussed in Sec. 1-4. It is a measure of the polydispersity of a polymer sample. The value of Xw/Xn increases with the extent of reaction and approaches 2 in the limit of large extents of reaction. The ratio XwfX is also referred to as the polydispersity index (PDI). 

Nj. is synonymous with the mole- or number-fraction distribution. When x is an odd number, there are x pathways and the (x — 1) term in Eq. 3-190 should be replaced by x. For polymerizations yielding high polymer, the difference between x and (x + 1) is negligible and can be ignored. [Some derivations of size distributions show exponents y and z, respectively, in Eqs. 3-186 and 3-187 instead of (y — 1) and (z — 1), which results in an exponent of x instead of (x — 1) in Eqs. 3-189 and 3-190). The differences are, again, unimportant for systems that yield high polymer.]... 

It should be noted that the degree of polymerization in an emulsion polymerization is synonymous with the kinetic chain length. Although termination is by bimolecular coupling, one of the radicals is a primary (or oligomeric) radical, which does not significantly contribute to the size of a dead polymer molecule. The derivation of Eq. 4-7 assumes the absence... 

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