Polymer pullulan

More recently, stearic acid has been incorporated into edible strips that contain the polymers pullulan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [11]. With this delivery method, control strips and strips with taste stimuli yield similar tactile responses. In the presence of nasal airflow, Ebba et al. [11] reported that... 

Deionized water can be used as an eluent for the analysis of nonionic polymers such as pullulan and polyethylene glycol. However, in most cases, salt solutions or buffer solutions are used to decrease ionic or other interactions between samples and the stationary phase or to prevent sample association (Eigs. 6.22 and 6.23, pages 196 and 197). 

The GBR resin works well for nonionic and certain ionic polymers such as various native and derivatized starches, including sodium carboxymethylcel-lulose, methylcellulose, dextrans, carrageenans, hydroxypropyl methylcellu-lose, cellulose sulfate, and pullulans. GBR columns can be used in virtually any solvent or mixture of solvents from hexane to 1 M NaOH as long as they are miscible. Using sulfonated PDVB gels, mixtures of methanol and 0.1 M Na acetate will run many polar ionic-type polymers such as poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acids, and poly aniline/ polystyrene sulfonic acid. Sulfonated columns can also be used with water glacial acetic acid mixtures, typically 90/10 (v/v). Polyacrylic acids run well on sulfonated gels in 0.2 M NaAc, pH 7.75. 

The strongest known producer of j8-poly(L-malic acid) has been identified as Aureobasidium sp. providing 61 g of polymer from 1 liter of culture medium [5,6]. 8-Poly(L-malate, Ca -salt) of the culture broth was first separated from accompanying bulk pullulan by methanol precipitation. The water-redisolved precipitate was converted to the polymer acid by passage over Amberlite IR-120B (H -form). Thus, the best to-day producers of... 

Addition of an aqueous solution of PEG to a saturated aqueous solution of a-CD at room temperature did not lead to complex formation unless the average molecular weight of PEG exceeded 200 [46]. Moreover, carbohydrate polymers such as dextran and pullulan failed to precipitate complexes with PEG, and the same was true for amylose, glucose, methyl glucose, maltose, maltotriose, cyclodextrin derivatives, such as glucosyl-a-CD and maltosyl-a-CD, and water-soluble polymers of a-CD crosslinked by epichlorohydrin. These facts suggested to Harada et al. the direction for further research. 

Abstract Carbohydrates have been investigated and developed as delivery vehicles for shuttling nucleic acids into cells. In this review, we present the state of the art in carbohydrate-based polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery, with the focus on the recent successes in preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric scaffolds based on the natural polysaccharides chitosan, hyaluronan, pullulan, dextran, and schizophyllan each have unique properties and potential for modification, and these results are discussed with the focus on facile synthetic routes and favorable performance in biological systems. Many of these carbohydrates have been used to develop alternative types of biomaterials for nucleic acid delivery to typical polyplexes, and these novel materials are discussed. Also presented are polymeric vehicles that incorporate copolymerized carbohydrates into polymer backbones based on polyethylenimine and polylysine and their effect on transfection and biocompatibility. Unique scaffolds, such as clusters and polymers based on cyclodextrin (CD), are also discussed, with the focus on recent successes in vivo and in the clinic. These results are presented with the emphasis on the role of carbohydrate and charge on transfection. Use of carbohydrates as molecular recognition ligands for cell-type specific dehvery is also briefly... 

Bruneel D, Schacht E (1995) End group modification of pullulan. Polymer 36 169-172... 

Jo J, Ikai T, Okazaki A, Nagane K, Yamamoto M, Hirano Y, Tabata Y (2007) Expression profile of plasmid DNA obtained using spermine derivatives of pullulan with different molecular weights. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 18(7) 883—899... 

Ball, D. H., Cimecioglu, A. L., Kaplan, D. L., and Huang, S. H. (1994). Site-selective modification of polysaccharides under homogeneous conditions. New anhydro and cationic polymers derived from amylose and pullulan. 208th Annual Meeting, Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Cellulose, Paper and Textiles, August 21-26, Washington, DC. 

Table 5 gives examples of neutral and anionic polysaccharides. Of the polymers shown, dextran, pullulan, xanthan, and alginates are of most commercial interest. About 8000 tonnes per year of xanthan are currently produced for use in food industry, in oil-well drilling and numerous other areas 73. ... 

Standard Solution Transfer 20 mg each of dextrose stach-yose and 5800, 23,700, and 100,000 molecular weight (MW) pullulan standards into a 10-mL volumetric flask. Dissolve in and dilute to volume with Eluent. Filter through a 0.45-p.m syringe filter into a suitable autosampler vial, and seal (all components of the Standard Solution are available from Polymer Laboratories, Inc., Technical Center, Amherst Fields Research Park, 160 Old Farm Road, Amherst, MA 01002). 

Lazaridou, A., and Biliaderis, C.G. (2002). Thermophysical properties of chitosan, chitosan-starch and chitosan-pullulan films near the glass transition. Carbohydrate Polymers. 48,... 

Data on pullulan gathered by Wallenfels, Lindberg, and Adams and their coworkers are consistent with a linear polymer containing mainly maltotriose residues connected by a-D- l- 6)-linkages (1). Pullulan prepared directly from solution or through... 

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