Glucose-responsive polymers

Figure 2 Schematic representation of glucose-responsive polymer membrane constituted with polyamine membrane and glucose oxidase immobilized membrane. (From Ref. 20.)...

K Ishihara, K Matsui. Glucose-responsive insulin release from polymer capsule. J Polym Sci 24 413-417, 1986. 

Kitano, S., Koyama, Y., Kataoka, K., et al. A novel drug delivery system utilizing a glucose responsive polymer complex between poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly( V-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) with a phenylboronic acid moiety. J. Contr. Rel. 19 161—170, 1992. 

Figure 9. (left) Steady state response to 31.5 mM glucose of the ferrocene-siloxane-ethylene oxide polymer/glucose oxidase/carbon paste electrodes at several applied potentials. The polymeric relay systems are indicated next to each curve. Each curve is the mean result for four electrodes. 

The results shown in Figures 7 and 9 also indicate that the sensors based on the poly(ethylene oxide) and siloxane-ethylene oxide branch polymer systems can operate efficiently at relatively low applied potentials. In fact, the sensors containing these polymers show steady-state glucose responses at a potential of +100 mV (vs. SCE) which are similar to the response of the best poly(siloxane)-based sensor at +300 mV. This is an important consideration because lower operating potentials are often advantageous in real measurements, where easily oxidizable interfering species are usually present. 

Hisamtsu, I., Kataoka, K., Okano, T. and Sakurai, Y. (1997) Glucose-responsive gel from phenylborate polymer and poly (vinyl alcohol) Prompt response at physiological pH through the interaction of borate with amino group in the gel. Pharm. Res., 14 289-293. 

Ishihara K. Glucose-responsive polymers for controlled insulin release. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Release Bioact. Mater. 1988 15 ... 

Cellulose is a polymer found in the cell walls of plant cells such as those of wood, cotton, and leaves. It is responsible for giving plants their structural strength. Can you find the portions of the cellulose structure that repeat Notice that the ring parts of the molecule are all identical. These are the monomer units that combine to form the polymer. Glucose is the name of the monomer found in cellulose. In Figures 18.17 and... 

The above-mentioned examples all used proteins such as GOx and Con A. Exposure of these proteins and peptides to the body may cause an undesirable immime response upon contact. Therefore, these naturally derived proteins and peptides, and their whole systems, should be separated from the body using semi-permeable membranes. Utilization of totally S3m-thetic polymer systems would be a versatile choice for the construction of new glucose-responsive insidm-release devices. 

Kitano S, Hisamitsu I, Koyama Y, Kataoka K, Okano T, Sakurai Y. Effect of the incorporation of amino groups in a glucose-responsive pol3uner complex having phenylboronic acid moieties. Polym Adv Technol 1991 2 261—264. 

Shiino D, Murata Y, Kataoka K, Koyama Y, Yokoyama M, Okano T, Sakurai Y. Preparation and characterization of a glucose-responsive insulin-releasing polymer device. Biomaterials 1994 15(2) 121-128. 

Matsumoto A, Ikeda S, Harada A, Kataoka K. Glucose-responsive polymer bearing a novel phenylborate derivatives as a glucose-sensing moiety operating at physiological pH conditions. Biomacromolecules 2003 4(4) 1410-1416. 

Reception of chemical and biochemical signals can be based on a physical interaction or chemical reaction between functional groups in the polymer and signaling molecules (Motomov et al. 2010). There are many examples of specific complex formation between synthetic polymer materials and ligands, e.g., glucose-responsive polymers with phenylboronic side groups (Lapeyre et al. 2008). 

As biomolecule-responsive hydrogels that undergo changes in volume by the changes in physicochemical properties of polymer backbone, there are glucose-responsive hydrogels for a potential autonomous treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Insulin is a hormone secreted from the Langerhans islets of the pancreas... 

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