Polymer gasoline process

Hydropol A process for co-hydrogenating u-butenes with olefinic gasoline fractions. Developed by the Institut Frangais du Petiole as part of its polymer gasoline process. Hydrocarbon Process., 1980, 59(9), 219. 

Polymerization. In the petroleum iadustry, polymerization is the process by which olefin gases are converted to higher molecular weight Hquid products which may be suitable for gasoline (polymer gasoline) or other Hquid fuels. 

Polymer Gasoline. Refinery trends tend to favor alkylation over polymerisation. Unlike the alkylation process, polymerisation does not require isobutane. The catalyst is usually phosphoric acid impregnated on kieselghur pellets. Polymerisation of butylenes is not an attractive alternative to alkylation unless isobutane is unavailable. The motor octane number of polymer gasoline is also low, and there is considerable shrinkage ia product volume. The only commercial unit to be built ia recent years is at Sasol ia South Africa. The commercial process was developed by UOP ia the 1940s (104). 

Most of the propylene polymerized by this process is used in motor gasoline ("Polymer Gasoline"). However, an appreciable portion of the C7, C, and C,2 olefins find use as feedstocks for production of Oxo alcohols. 

This process produces polymer gasoline with a high octane. Dimerization was first used (1935) to dimerize isobutylene to diisobutylene, constituted of 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (80%) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (20%). Both phosphoric and sulfuric acid were used as catalysts. 

Selectopol A process for converting isobutene into polymer gasoline, i.e. a mixture of branched-chain C6 - C12 hydrocarbons, using an acid catalyst. Offered for license by the Institut Frangais du Petiole. 

Heptenes. Heptenes, C7FL 7, are used for the preparation of isooctyl alcohol [26952-21-6] by hydroformylation (see Oxo process). The heptenes are prepared by very carefully controlled fractionation of polymer gasoline. Specifications generally call for >99.9% C content (including some paraffin that is also formed) to simplify processing. 

Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. integrated gasification combined-cycle Kellogg-Rust-Westinghouse process molten carbonate fuel cell methanol-to-gasoline process once-through Fischer-Tropsch process phosphoric acid fuel cell pulverized coal polymer electrolyte fuel cell pressurized fluidized bed combustion 1015 Btu... 

Polymerization was the first refining process to produce larger molecules appropriate for gasoline. However, a chemically related process called alkylation is of more importance today [15]. This uses concentrated sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid as a liquid phase catalyst to form dimers or trimers from C3 and C4 olefins reacted with paraffinic hydrocarbons [24]. The yield of the alkylation process based on the olefin feed is about twice of that of polymerization. This factor and that the product has at least as good octane rating as polymer gasoline has made alkylation a dominant contributor to gasoline components. 

Ruhrchemie-Lurgi—recycle experiments. The production of synthetic hydrocarbons with a high content of olefins (mono-olefins) is desirable in many cases. The olefins increase the octane number of the gasoline and can be used as valuable raw material for many processes (polymer gasoline, lubricating oils, oxo-synthesis, etc.). 

The olefins in the cracked gases are handled or concentrated ip several ways, depending on the pressure at which the gas is available and how much can be afforded in recovering the olefins. It is seldom economically feasible to recover or process ethylene for polymer gasoline, and hence the preparation of the feed pertains mainly to the retention of propene and the butenes, or to the segregation of them for selective polymerization or alkylation. 

The Fischer-Tropsch process can be considered as a one-carbon polymerization reaction of a monomer derived from CO. The polymerization affords a distribution of polymer molecular weights that foUows the Anderson-Shulz-Flory model. The distribution is described by a linear relationship between the logarithm of product yield vs carbon number. The objective of much of the development work on the FT synthesis has been to circumvent the theoretical distribution so as to increase the yields of gasoline range hydrocarbons. 

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