Polymer for bone

Bismuth compounds are added more and more to special polymers for bone implants and dental prothetic devices in order to make them detectable to X-rays. Diagnostic devices for medical purpose have been using the bismuth-germanium oxide crystals to neutralize lethal gamma rays and improve overall imaging. Basic bismuth salicylate is used to impart a pearly surface to polystyrene and phenol-formaldehyde resins. 

Advanced Materials Design (New York, NY) Development of resorbable polymers for bone and musculoskeletal uses Preclinical... 

Injectable nanocomposites of single-walled carbon nanotubes and biodegradable polymers for bone tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules, 1, 2237-2242. 

Abstract The mechanical and biological properties and applicability of the most important polymers for bone regeneration are described. Fabrication techniques for improving applicability of the the polymers are examined with particular attention to tissue engineering, bone scaffold and drug delivery. 

Vert, M., Christel, P., Chabot, F., Leray, J., 1984. Bioresorbable polymers for bone surgery. In Hastings, G.W., Ducheyne, P. (Eds.), Macromolecular Biomaterials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 119—142. 

The work here summarized explores in vitro and in vivo use of a piezoelectric polymer for bone mechanical stimulation. 

The surface eroding characteristics of POE has led to the research of this polymer for bone reconstruction [8,73 ]. Surface degradation allows a scaffold to sustain mechanical support for the surrounding tissue since the bulk of the material remains structurally intact. In other studies, hepatocytes were grafted onto polyorthoesters and adhered to the surface of the synthetic scaffold [74]. 

It is desirable that polymer compositions when molded into medical devices have improved functionality. The ideal bioabsorbable polymer for bone fixation should have sufficient initial stiffhess and strength to fix the fracture and then... 

Shi, X., J. L. Hudson, R P Spicer, J. M. Tour, R. Krishnamoorti, and A. G. Mikos. 2006. Injectable nanocomposites of single-walled carbon nanotubes and biodegradable polymers for bone tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 7(7) 2237-42. 

Adapted ftom Lalwani G, Henslee AM, Farshid B, Patmar P, Lin L, Qin YX, et aL Tungsten disulfide nanotubes reinforced biod radable polymers for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2013 9 8365-73, with permission. 

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