Bismuth germanium oxide

Scintillation detectors are substances which fluoresce when stmck by x-radiation. Scintillation can, therefore, serve to convert x-ray photons into visible or ultraviolet light. Scintillation materials include thaUium-activatedcrystals of sodium iodide, NaI(Tl), potassium iodide, KI(T1), or cesium iodide, CsI(Tl) crystals of stilbene (a, P-diphenylethylene) [588-59-0] and anthracene [120-12-7] bismuth germanium oxide [12233-56-6] ... 

The measurements of F depth profiles in chipped flints have been realised using the 4.7 keV wide 872 keV 19F(p,a12.3y)160 resonance. This reaction provides a good depth resolution (about 100 nm in Si02). The 4-7.5 MeV y-rays are detected with a BGO (bismuth germanium oxide) detector at 0°C with respect to the incident beam. The flint artefacts can be settled in the vacuum chamber as whole pieces without any sample preparation [35],... 

Bismuth compounds are added more and more to special polymers for bone implants and dental prothetic devices in order to make them detectable to X-rays. Diagnostic devices for medical purpose have been using the bismuth-germanium oxide crystals to neutralize lethal gamma rays and improve overall imaging. Basic bismuth salicylate is used to impart a pearly surface to polystyrene and phenol-formaldehyde resins. 

The Positron Emission Profiling (PEP) detector is shown in Fig. 2. It has been designed to be flexible so that it can be used with a variety of different sizes of reactors measurements can be carried out on reactors having lengths between 4.0 cm and 50 cm and diameters of up to 25 cm. The detector consists of two banks, each containing an array of sixteen independent detection elements, and is mounted horizontally, with the reactor and furnace placed between the upper and lower banks. Each detection element comprised of a bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) scintillation crystal coupled to a photomultiplier. The detection elements are situated in a frame, which allows adjustment of the overall detector dimensions when required. 

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