Alcohol polyhydroxy

The basic carbohydrate molecule possesses an aldehyde or ketone group and a hydroxyl group on every carbon atom except the one involved in the carbonyl group. As a result, carbohydrates are defined as aldehyde or ketone derivatives of polyhydroxy alcohols and their reaction products. A look at the formula for glucose shows that it contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the ratio in which they are found in water. The name carbohydrate... 

Reduction. Mono- and oligosaccharides can be reduced to polyols (polyhydroxy alcohols) termed alditols (glycitols) (1) (see Sugar alcohols). Common examples of compounds in this class ate D-glucitol (sorbitol) [50-70-4] made by reduction of D-glucose and xyhtol [87-99-0] made from D-xylose. Glycerol [56-87-5] is also an alditol. Reduction of D-fmctose produces a mixture of D-glucitol and D-mannitol [69-65-8],... 

Coumaria has also beea purified by vacuum azeotropic distillatioa with polyhydroxy alcohols such as triethyleae glycol (65). Puriftcatioa by zoae melting techniques has been described ia several pubHcatioas (66—68). 

Alcoholysis of the acid chloride of a dicarboxylic acid with a polyhydroxy alcohol ... 

Frechet JMJ, Nuyens LJ (1976) Use of polymers as protecting groups in organic synthesis. III. Selective functionalisation of polyhydroxy alcohols. Can J Chem 54 926-934... 

F.H. Bergeim, USP 1751437(1930) CA 24, 2605(1930) (A Gelatin Dynamite consisting of NG, NC and nitrated surbitol or other nitrate of a polyhydroxy alcohol contg 4 to 6 carbon atoms)... 

In polyhydroxy alcohols nitroglycerine is still less soluble. The best of these solvents is ethylene glycol. Thus 100 g of ethylene glycol dissolve 12 and 20 g of nitroglycerine at 20 and B0°C respectively. The solubility of nitroglycerine in glycerol is very low. 

Proteins are often stabilized by low concentrations of simple alcohols or ketones76 and by higher concentrations of polyhydroxy alcohols, such as glycerol77 and sucrose,78 and also by certain inert, synthetic polymers such as polyethyleneglycol (PEG).79 The latter is a widely used precipitant. The polyhydroxy-alcohols and PEG are all hydrated but tend not to interact strongly with the protein molecules. On the other hand, simple alcohols may denature proteins by their interaction with nonpolar regions.77... 

Cellulose Derivatives [Except Cellulose Nitrate (NC)]. Cellulose, as a polyhydroxy alcohol, offers the possibility of reacting with Iiiariy substances to produce a variety of compds. The... 

Most of the compounds that had been reported (before March, 1942) to show cleavage oxidation by periodic acid are recorded in the table the substances are listed alphabetically in the following groups of related compounds (1) carbocyclic compounds (2) carbohydrates (3) a-diketones and a-ketols (4) hydroxyamino compounds (5) polyhydroxy and hydroxyketo acids (6) polyhydroxy alcohols (7) steroids (8) miscellaneous compounds. French journals after May, 1940, and the majority of other foreign publications after June, 1941, were unavailable for the survey. 

Sugars are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and sugars such as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, acyclic polyhydroxy alcohols, and cyclic sugar alcohols are well-known sweeteners. Shallenberger56 has written a good review on the structure-sweetness relationship of sugars. 

These compds may be modified by monocar-boxylic acids or polyhydroxy alcohols. This definition includes the polycarbonates (qv), which are a well-defined segment of the general class of polyesters. Unsaturated polyesters, which are produced when any of the reactants contain non-aromatic unsaturation, can be, cross-linked or copolymerized with an unsaturated copolymerizable monomer. The. formulas and properties of the class polyester are as varied and extensive as the reactants themselves. For specific information on the various sub-classes and sub-sub classes, the following refs should be consulted 9,10, 11, 16a, 17,18,... 

Polyhydroxy alcohol HOCH2(CHOH)nCH20H Alditol Glucitol Sorbitol) Mannitol... 

Interestingly, metal derivatives of di- and polyhydroxy alcohols are comparatively more hydrolytic resistant than their alkoxide analogues. Some of these compounds are even stable in alkaline solutions. The chelating nature of the alcohols and coordinative saturation achieved by the central metal atoms in the final products appear to be the main factor for their hydrolytic stability. 

In the autocatalytic deposition there are various reducing agents (e.g., formaldehyde, hydrazine, hypophosphite, ascorbic acid, polyhydroxy alcohols, and hydrogen) that have been reported in the literature. The nature of the reducing agent can significantly influence the kinetics of electroless deposition as well as surface morphology and physicochemical properties of deposits. Once when initiated,... 

Similar reactions are applicable to other reducing agents (e.g., polyhydroxy alcohols) which can reduce hydrolyzed silver species to the metallic state.7... 

---