Polyethylene-graft-poly

Multi-polymer Materials. The literature for multi-polymer materials is extensive but is less than that for blends and grafts composed of two polymers. A ternary graft copolymer, semi-IPN is described by Rogers and Ostler (43, 44) an original crosslinked polyethylene graft-poly-(potassium acrylate) was swelled with styrene and radiation polmerized. The authors comment that most of the grafting of polymer 3 was on polymer 2, the poly (potassium acrylate). This reaction sequence can be described ... 

Note PAC, poly(acrylic acid) PE-gr-PAC, polyethylene grafted poly(acrylic acid) PVPy, poly(4-vinylpyridine) DP, degree of polymerization. 

This approach is comparatively widely used, for example to evaluate the formation constants of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with polyethylene-grafted-poly(acrylic acid) (PE-gr-PAA) (Table 3-2), Mn(II)-poly(acrylic acid), for studying sorption of low molecular weight compounds by polymers and complexation with modified silica, etc. [35-37]. It was found that one third of the carboxylic groups failed to react with copper ions in the PE-gr-PAA-Cu(II)-system K = 300 L mor, /n,ax = 0.35). For Cu(II) complexes with polystyrene-grafted-poly(vinylpyridine) of different types the values of K andy],. vary from -2500 to 9100 L moL and -0.15 to 0.37, respectively [38]. 

Interesting results were obtained in a study of the topochemistry of Cu(II) complexes on polyethylene-grafted-poly(acrylic acid) [55]. A superposition of two different states of copper was observed. Even at concentrations of bound copper ions 0.1 mmol g more than half are localized in exchange-bonded cluster aggregations, and at concentrations >0.15 mmol g virtually all copper is bonded into aggregations. The local concentrations of Cu(II) in these... 

Table 3-3. The ESR data for isolated ions and dipole-bound aggregations in the polyethylene-grafted-poly(acrylic acid)-Cu(II) system [9,55].

Grafting on polymers to obtain functional groups for binding of metal ions has been reported polyethylene-graft-poly(methylvinylketone)/Schiff base with 2-aminophenol 38 [1,107] or salicylaldehyde hydrazide [108] (for other grafted ligands see [109]). 

Figure 12-10. Oxygen binding for cyclohexene oxidation in the presence of Co-containing catalysts (333 K, without solvent). (1) Co(AcAc)2, (2) polyethylene-grafted -poly(cobalt acrylate), (3) copolymer of styrene with cobalt acrylate, (4), polyethylene-grafted -poly(acrylamide -Co(II)),...

Jin J, Jiang W, Yin J, Ji X, Stagnaro P. Plasma proteins adsorption mechanism on polyethylene-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) surface by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Langmuir 2013 29 6624-33. http //dx.doi.org/10.1021/la4017239. 

Sakai, Y, Rao, VL., Sadaoka, Y, and Matsuguchi, M. (1987). Humidity sensor composed of microporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonate). Polym. Bull. 18 501. 

A review covers the preparation and properties of both MABS and MBS polymers (75). Literature is available on the grafting of methacrylates onto a wide variety of other substrates (76,77). Typical examples include the grafting of methyl methacrylate onto mbbers by a variety of methods chemical (78,79), photochemical (80), radiation (80,81), and mastication (82). Methyl methacrylate has been grafted onto such substrates as cellulose (83), poly(vinyl alcohol) (84), polyester fibers (85), polyethylene (86), poly(styrene) (87), poly(vinyl chloride) (88), and other alkyl methacrylates (89). 

It has been found that, for a fixed mineral filler content, the viscosity of PMF-based composites increases when the coat is made of polyethylene [164, 209, 293], poly(vinyl chloride) [316] and polypropylene [326, 327], The picture was different, however, for composites based on the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer to which kaolin with grafted poly (vinyl acetate) was added [336]. Addition of PMF with a minimum quantity of grafted polymer results in a sharp drop of flowability (rise of viscosity), in comparison to addition of unmodified filler but with a further increase of the quantity of grafted polymer the flow gradually increases and, depending on the kaolin content and quantity of grafted polymer, may even become higher than in specimens with unmodified filler, for equal concentrations. 

VandeVondele S, Voros J, Hubbell JA (2003) Rgd-grafted poly-l-lysine-graft- (polyethylene glycol) copolymers block non-specific protein adsorption while promoting cell adhesion. Biotechnol Bioeng 82 784—790... 

A diblock copolymer consisting of a block of polyethylene grafted with poly(vinyl chloride) and a block of polystyrene, the structure of which is ... 

Graft copolymers of poloxamers and either poly(acrylic acid) or chitosan change from a sol to a gel at temperature above 37 °C. The appearing gel forms a stable matrix that can retain a drag for its sustained release. The triblock copolymer consisting of polyethylene oxide)-poly(/-lactide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PLLA-PEO) is also temperature-sensitive but shows an opposite gellation property. At low... 

Ethylene has been separated from ethane by a silver nitrate solution passing countercurrent in a hollow fiber poly-sulfone.165 This separation has also been performed with the silver nitrate solution between two sheets of a polysilox-ane.166 A hydrated silver ion-exchanged Nafion film separated 1,5-hexadiene from 1-hexene with separation factors of 50-80.167 Polyethylene, graft-polymerized with acrylic acid, then converted to its silver salt, favored isobutylene over isobutane by a factor of 10. Olefins, such as ethylene, can be separated from paraffins by electroinduced facilitated transport using a Nafion membrane containing copper ions and platinum.168 A carbon molecular sieve made by pyrolysis of a polyimide, followed by enlargement of the pores with water at 400 C selected propylene over propane with an a-valve greater than 100 at 35°C.169... 

Benzene can be separated over cyclohexane with an revalue of 26 with a polvinyl alcohol-poly(allylamine) blend containing a cobalt(II) complex.213 An a-value of 60 has been obtained by pervaporation with a poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl methacrylate) membrane.214 Membranes of porous polyethylene grafted with glycidyl methacrylate215 and poly(A,A-dimethylacrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate)216 have also been used in this separation with separation factors of 21-22. This is a separation that would be difficult to do by size and by distillation. The two boil only 2°C apart. The cyclohexane produced by the reduction of benzene is the starting material for nylon. The best solution to the problem is to run the reduction to 100% completion. 

Microwave irradiation Grafting onto method Various catalysts are used [4,4 -Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid)] Telechelic polymers, polyethylene glycol, poly-dimethyl siloxane... 

Choi Y H, et al. (1999). Characterization of a targeted gene carrier, lactose-polyethylene glycol-grafted poly-L-lysine and its complex with plasmid DNA. Hum. Gene Ther. 10 2657-2665. 

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