Ethyl formal

As an ingredient of expl compns such as LX-09-0 (HMX 93, p-DNPA 4.6, Bis(2,2-dinitro-2-fluoro ethyl) formal 2-4%)... 

Note LX-Q4-1 consists of HMX 85 Viton A (Vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer) 14%. PBX 9404 HMX 94, NC 3 CEF (Tris-/3-chloroethylphosphate) 3%-PBX 9011 HMX 90 Estane (Polyester urethane of adipic acid 1,4-butanediol-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) 10%. RX-08 AZ HMX 80, FEFO (Fluorodinitro-ethyl formal) 13—16 Polyester 3—6%... 

As pointed out by Skrabal and Schiffrer [173], the rate-determining step must be in the transition from acetal to hemiacetal because the rate coefficient for the hydrolysis of methyl ethyl formal is equal to the mean value of those for the hydrolyses of dimethyl formal and diethyl formal. Wolf and Hero Id [174] supplied more direct evidence on this matter. They found that the UV absorption bands of aldehydes slowly decrease in alcoholic solutions. This indicates that a reaction takes place. The product of the reaction immediately splits off aldehyde under the conditions of a bisulfite titration, therefore it cannot be acetal and it must be hemiacetal. Acetals are much more stable, and they are not hydrolyzed in a bisulfite titration. A quantitative kinetic study of the reaction of aldehyde with alcohol was carried out by Lauder (175] with the aid of dilatometric and refractive index measurements. He observed that hemiacetal is formed in a relatively fast reaction which is followed by a slow reaction leading to acetal. 

LX-09-0 1.837-.845 93 Bis(2-Fluoro-2,2 -Dinitro-ethyl) Formal (FEFO) — 2.4 2,2-Dinitro Poly-Acrylate (PDNPA) - 4.6 77... 

Franke S, Hildebrandt S, Francke W, Bester K, Hiihnerfuss H, Gatermann R (1998b) Chlorinated bis(propyl)ether and chlorinated bis(ethyl)formals in the German Bight of the North Sea. Mar Poll Bull 36, 546-551. 

The presently used commercial polysulfides are based on bis(2-chloro-ethyl)formal and possess excellent solvent resistance. The elastomeric products are used in such applications as lacquers, hoses, printing rolls, diaphragms, and gaskets. 

Low cost Light-colored or nonstaining stocks (including black stock) Low temperature service Heat resistance Petroleum oils, naphthenic and aromatic Ester plasticizers, chlorinated paraflins, or selected petroleum oils Ester plasticizers or cis-polybutadiene Poljrmeric plasticizers, chlorinated paraflins, polyester plasticizers, and low volatility petroleum oils Chlorinated paraflins and organic phosphate esters A polyether-[di(butoxy-ethoxy ethyl) formal] Ester, chlorinated paraflins, or poljmieric plasticizers... 

The polysulfide polymers are prepared as a suspension by condensation of the dihalide monomer with polysulfide in aqueous solution [18]. Bis-2-dichloro-ethyl formal is the monomer usually used, and 0.1-0.4% 1,2,3-trichloropropane is added as a crosslinking monomer [19]. In conducting polymerization, the standard practice is to feed the dihalide monomer into the aqueous polysulfide solution containing specific suspending and nucleating agents. A combination of an alkyl naphthalene sulfonate with magnesium hydroxide sol prepared in situ is commonly used. 

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