Polychlorinated biphenyls dechlorination

Wu Q, Sowers KR, May HD (2000) Establishment of a polychlorinated biphenyl-dechlorinating microbial consortium, specific for doubly flanked chlorines, in a defined, sediment-free medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 49-53... 

Brown, J.F., D.L. Bedard, M.J. Brennan, J.C. Carnahan, H. Feng, and R.E. Wagner. 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in aquatic sediments. Science 236 709-712. 

Abramowicz, D. A., Brennan, M.J., Van Dort, H. M. Gallagher, E. L. (1993). Factors influencing the rate of polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination in Hudson River sediments. Environmental Science Technology, 27, 1125-31. 

Sokol RC, Bethoney CM, Rhee G-Y. 1998. Effect of Aroclor 1248 concentration on the rate and extent of polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination. Environ Toxicol Chem 17(10) 1922-1926. 

Yak HK, BW Wenclawiak, IE Cheng, JG Doyle, CM Wai (1999) Rednetive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by zerovalent iron in snbcritical water. Environ Sci Technol 33 1307-1310. 

Wu Q, DL Bedard, J Wiegel (1997a) Effect of incubation temperature on the route of microbial reductive dechlorination of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated and PCB-free freshwater sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2836-2843. 

Bedard DL, JE Quensen III (1995) Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Microbial transformation and Degradation of Toxic Organic Chemicals (Eds LY Yonng, CE Cemiglia), pp. 127-216. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

Fagervold SK, JEM Watts, HD May, KR Sowers (2005) Sequential reductive dechlorination of meta-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediment microcosms by two different types of Chloroflexi phylotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 8085-8090. 

Wu Q, JEM Watts, KR Sowers, HD May (2002) Identification of a bacterium that specifically catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls with doubly flanked chlorines. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 807-812. 

Bushart SP, B Bush, EL Barnard, A Bott (1998) Volatilization of extensively dechlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls from historically contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 1927-1933. 

Drenzer NJ, T1 Eglinton, CO Wirsen, HD May, Q Wu, KR Sowers, CM Reddy (2001) The absence and application of stable carbon isotope fractionation during the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Sci Technol 35 3310-3313. 

Quensen, J.F., III, M.A. Mousa, S.A. Boyd, B.J.T. Sanderson, K.L. Froese, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Reduction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures due to anaerobic microbial dechlorination. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 806-813. 

Sokol, R.C., C.M. Bethoney, and G.Y. Rhee. 1998. Reductive dechlorination of preexisting sediment polychlorinated biphenyls with long-term laboratory incubation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 982-987. 

Quensen et al. [69] showed that micro-organisms isolated from Hudson river sediment dechlorinated most polychlorinated biphenyls in Aroclor 1242 under anaerobic conditions in the laboratory. The higher the polychlorobiphenyl concentration, the more rapid the rate of dechlorination. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. The products of dechlorination were less toxic than the original compounds and were more readily degraded by aerobic bacteria wastewater containing... 

In activated sludge, 80.6% degraded after a 47-h time period (Pal et al., 1980). Chemical/Physical. Zhang and Rusling (1993) evaluated the bicontinuous microemulsion of surfactant/oil/water as a medium for the dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by electrochemical catalytic reduction. The microemulsion (20 mL) contained didodecyldi-methylammonium bromide, dodecane, and water at 21, 57, and 22 wt %, respectively. The catalyst used was zinc phthalocyanine (2.5 nM). When PCB-1221 (72 mg), the emulsion and catalyst were subjected to a current of mA/cm on 11.2 cm lead electrode for 10 h, a dechlorination yield of 99% was achieved. Reaction products included a monochlorobiphenyl (0.9 mg), biphenyl, and reduced alkylbenzene derivatives. 

Zhang, S. and Rusling, J.F. Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by electrochemical catalysis in a biocontinuous microemulsion. Environ. Sci. Technol, 27(7) 1375-1380, 1993. 

The MBI anaerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorinating granular consortia technology is an in situ bioremediation technology that uses anaerobic microbial consortia in granular form to remediate PCBs in contaminated soils and sediments. 

The Waste Management, Inc. (WMX), DeChlor/KGME process involves the ex situ dechlorination of liquid-phase halogenated compounds, particularly polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). KGME is the active species in a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the chlorine atoms are replaced with fragments of the reagent. 

The XeChlor process is a reductive dechlorination process for the treatment of a wide array of organic halides, including conversion of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into biphenyl or dioxins into simple dibenzofuran. The dechlorination catalyst is prepared in situ from titanocene dichloride sodium borohydride is the reducing agent. 

S. Safe and O. Hutzinger, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Photolysis of 2,4,6,2, 6 Hexachlorobiphenyl, Nature232 (1971) 641-42 O. Hutzinger et al., Polychlorinated Biphenyls Metabolic Behavior of Pure Isomers in Pigeons, Rats, and Brook Trout, Science 178 (1972) 512-14 O. Hutzinger et al., Identification of Metabolic Dechlorination of Highly Chlorinated Biphenyl in Rabbits, Nature 252 (1974) 698-99. 

Assaf-Anid, N.,Nies, L. Vogel, T. M. (1992). Reductive dechlorination cf a polychlorinated biphenyl congener and hexachlorobenzene by vitamin B12. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 1057-60. 

Alder, A. C., Haggblom, M. M., Oppenheimer, S. R. Young, L. Y. (1993). Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in anaerobic sediments. Environmental Science Technology, 27, 530-8. 

Bedard, D. L. May, R. J. (1996). Characterization of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the sediments of Woods Pond evidence for microbial dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in situ. Environmental Science Technology, 30, 237-45. 

Boyle, A. W., Blake, C. K., Price, W. A. May, H. D. (1993). Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl congener concentration and sediment supplementation on rates of methano-genesis and 2,3,6-trichlorobiphenyl dechlorination in an anaerobic enrichment. Appliedand Environmental Microbiology, 59, 3027-31-... 

Quensen, J.F. Ill, Tiedje, J.M. Boyd, S. A. (1988). Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments. Science, 242, 752-4. 

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