Polychlorinated biphenyls atmospheric transport

Gregor DJ, Gummer WD. 1989. Evidence of atmospheric transport and deposition of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Canadian arctic snow. Environ Sci Technol 23 561-565. 

Volatilization. Transfer of chemicals across the air/water interface can result in either a net gain or loss of chemical, although in many cases the bulk concentration in the air above a contaminated water body is low enough to be neglected (20). When the atmosphere is the primary source of the contaminant, as for example polychlorinated biphenyls in some parts of the Laurentian Great Lakes, atmospheric concentrations obviously cannot be neglected. The Whitman two-film or two-resistance approach (21) has been applied to a number of environmental situations (20, 22, 23). Transport across the air/water interface is viewed as a two-stage process, in which both phases of the interface can offer resistance to transport of the chemical. The rate of transfer depends on turbulence in the water body and in the atmosphere, the... 

The ubiquity of PCBs is indicated by their presence in environmental samples from the polar regions of air, snow, ice, water, and in living organisms (Norstrom et al. 1988 Hargrave et al. 1989 Larsson et al. 1992 Tanabe et al. 1993). The presence of PCBs in such remote areas suggests the importance of atmospheric transport. The Committee on the Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls... 

Ter Schure, A. F. H., Larsson, R, Agrell, C., Boon, J. P. (2004) Atmospheric transport of poly-brominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls to the Baltic Sea. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38 1282-1287. 

Hoff, R. M., Muir, D. C. G., et al (1992) Annual cycle of polychlorinated biphenyls and organohalo-gen pesticides in air in southern Ontario. 2. Atmospheric transport and sources. Environmental Science and Technology, 26(2) 276-283. 

Datta S, McConnell LL, Baker JE, et al. 1998a. Evidence for atmospheric transport and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls to the Lake Tahoe basin, California-Nevada. Environ Sci Technol 32(10) 1378-1385. 

Gregor D, Teixeira C, Rowsell R. 1996. Deposition of atmospherically transported polychlorinated biphenyls in the Canadian Arctic. Chemosphere 33(2) 227-244. 

Harvey, G. A. and W. G. Steinhauer. 1974. Atmospheric transport of polychlorinated biphenyls to the North Atlantic. Atmos. Environ. 8 777-782. 

The regional air pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins/furans, from simultaneously targeted major industrial sources in Serbia in 1999 was approved [19-21]. Some countries (which signed the Protocol on POPs in 1998) participated in the intervention, which resulted in POP release into the atmosphere from the territory of Serbia in 1999. In every case, the UN-ECE initiative on POPs was well known and in this spirit the bombing of major industrial sources was hazardous and with long-term environmental consequences. Therefore, it is important to evaluate POP transport and deposition in Europe during this period as a warning for further armed interventions in densely populated areas. 

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