Polybutadiene rubbers preparation

Polymers can be modified by the introduction of ionic groups [I]. The ionic polymers, also called ionomers, offer great potential in a variety of applications. Ionic rubbers are mostly prepared by metal ion neutralization of acid functionalized rubbers, such as carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxylated polybutadiene rubber, and carboxylated nitrile rubber 12-5]. Ionic rubbers under ambient conditions show moderate to high tensile and tear strength and high elongation. The ionic crosslinks are thermolabile and, thus, the materials can be processed just as thermoplastics are processed [6]. 

NR, styrene-butadiene mbber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber, nitrile mbber, acrylic copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, and A-B-A type block copolymer with conjugated dienes have been used to prepare pressure-sensitive adhesives by EB radiation [116-126]. It is not necessary to heat up the sample to join the elastomeric joints. This has only been possible due to cross-linking procedure by EB irradiation [127]. Polyfunctional acrylates, tackifier resin, and other additives have also been used to improve adhesive properties. Sasaki et al. [128] have studied the EB radiation-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives from dimer acid-based polyester urethane diacrylate with various methacrylate monomers. Acrylamide has been polymerized in the intercalation space of montmorillonite using an EB. The polymerization condition has been studied using a statistical method. The product shows a good water adsorption and retention capacity [129]. 

This new development in the microstructural architecture of polybutadiene has opened the door for the preparation of various block copolymers made from the same monomer. For example, one can use this concept to prepare various polybutadiene rubbers in which the chain segment contains various glass transition temperatures, depending on its microstructural arrangements. Similarly, manipulating the polymerization temperature using the same modifier and... 

The 5-7% soap remaining in rubber prepared by the free-radical process results in reduced performance and reduced oil extensibility compared to organometallic-catalyzed polybutadienes. 

We used a matrix copolymer system consisting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) grafted on polybutadiene rubber. The variables investigated were latex particle size (360, 2000, and 5000 A), degree of grafting, rubber content, and the degree of particle dispersion. The following variables must be considered when a transparent impact polymer is prepared. 

In the preparation of HIPS and ABS prepared in bulk, the polybutadiene rubber is easily grafted at the pendant 1,2-C—C double bond. In the case of... 

Recently, nanocomposites were prepared with different grades of nitrile rubber with acrylonitrile contents of 19%, 34%i, and 50%i, with SBR (23%i styrene content), and with polybutadiene rubber with Na-montmorillonite clay. The clay was modified with... 

Sadhu, S. Bhowmick, A.K. Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and polybutadiene rubber. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2004, 42 (9), 1573-1585. 

A high-impact polystyrene that has much better optical clarity than that obtained by usual blending or grafting techniques can be prepared by our technique. Polymers containing 90-95% styrene grafted to polybutadiene rubber by use of 12 mmole RLi-TMEDA/100 gram polymer showed quite good optical clarity. 

Next in importance is the polymerization of butadiene, if the use of sodium is ignored in the production of such inorganic compound as sodium cyanide, sodium peroxide, and titanium. Buna rubber, prepared by the sodium-catalyzed copolymerization of butadiene and styrene, was of considerable importance during World War II, especially in Germany. More recently, Morton s alfin catalyst has caught the attention of the rubber industry because of the exceptional quality of polybutadiene prepared by his techniques. 

The first stage in the emulsion polymoization processes ctmcems the preparation of rubber seed particles of coitrolled diameter (typically 0.1-0.5 im). The rubber prepared most commoily is polybutadiene, diough copolymers of butadiene with (typically <35 wt%) of either acrylonitrile or styrraie sometimes are prepared. In ordo- to achieve hig rates of polym ization, a latex with a smaller particle size (Le. higher particle number omcentration) than required can be prepared first and the particles then agglomerated to attain the necessary seed latex particle diameto. ... 

Luxton, A.R., 1981. The preparation, modification and appUcations of nonfunctional liquid polybutadienes. Rubber Chem. Technol. 54 (3), 596-626. 

MAJOR APPLICATION H-H PVC is mostly studied in academic field to understand its structure/property relationship, thermal degradation behavior, and mechanism. Its properties are compared to those of commercial head-to-tail PVC. Pure H-H PVC has no significant industrial applications. H-H PVCs containing 40-65 wt% of Cl, also called chlorinated polybutadiene rubber-resins, are used for coating, paint-based applications and the preparation of threads, tires, tubings, and films, etc. 

S.3.3 Butadiene Rubber (BR). Polybutadiene rubber was originally produced by emulsion polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, generally with rather poor results. Now it is generally prepared by solution polymerization. Its general chemical structure is as follows ... 

M. Rezaei Abadchi, A. Jalali-Arani, The use of gamma irradiation in preparation of polybutadiene rubber nanopowder its effect on particle size, morphology and crosslink structure of the powder. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, ISSN 0168-583X 320 (February 1, 2014) 1-5. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.l 1.016. 

Polybutadiene rubber latex is prepared according to trans-1,4, cis-1,4 addition free-radical emulsion polymerization of butadiene. In this reaction, an initiator such as KPS or NaPS can be used. 

According to the mass process, polybutadiene rubber is dissolved in the mixed solution of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers, and then the reaction proceeds to prepare the ABS resin. For polybutadiene rubber, the method for grinding and then adding the rubber is utihzed. Contrary to the emulsion process, the particles of polybutadiene rubber are not present before the reaction, and therefore, the shape and distribution of particles appear to be different from those of the emulsion process. The molecular weight of polybutadiene rubber to be used is about 200,000, with the cis-1,4 ratio being about 40%. The amoimt of polybutadiene rubber used should be kept to 20% due to the problem related to a viscosity of polymerization solution. 

A polymer alloy was prepared by Lavengood, PateL and Padwa [6]. This alloy is comprised of ABS with polybutadiene rubber, a polyamide such as nylon-6 or nylon-11, and a compatibilizer. The polyamide and ABS are immiscible. The compatibilizer is selected in a fashion that it is either partially or completely miscible with the graft copolymer, and has acid functional groups that can be made to react with the end groups of polyamides. This can be a terpolymer of styrene, acrylonitrile, and maleic acid. The resulting polymer alloy has been a successful product in the commercial arena under the name of Triax 1000. The performance properties were a step change improvement. 

In advanced approach, the CNT is incorporated to a 50 50 blend of styrene-butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber solution (Das et al. 2008 Mari and Schaller 2009 Yu et al. 2011). The predispersed CNTs in ethanol is formed and after that the CNT-alcohol suspension is mixed with the polybutadiene at elevated temperature. CNTs-fifled polybutadiene nanocomposites prepared by a technique which show meaiungfully improved physical behavior already at very low concentrations of the CNTs (Mari and Schaller 2009). The particular high ratio of the CNTs enabled the formation of a conductive percolating network in the composites at concentrations lower than 2 wt%. By the presence of CNTs, as opposed to the electrical conduction properties, the thermal conductivity of the composites not... 

The objective of this chapter is to provide a survey of the technological developments in solution rubbers prepared by homogeneous anionic polymerization. Emphasis will be on butadiene and styrene monomers, and catalyst systems based on organolithiums and their complexes with Lewis bases plus some unpubhshed work on alkahne earths from the authors laboratory. The rubbers thus obtained offer means for control of molecular structural features of polybutadiene and poly(butadiene-co-styrene) that directly relate to the functional properties of tyre rubbers. 

Ba/Mg/Al catalyst system discussed above can be readily converted into a variety of functional end groups. One of the most useful and widely used functionalization reactions is hydroxyethylation using ethylene oxide, as shown in Fig. 14. Here, a mono-hydroxyl-terminated high-fran polybutadiene was prepared by adding a small amount of ethylene oxide to a solution of carbanions, followed by hydrolysis. This particular example demonstrates the ability to attach hydroxyl groups molecularly to a crystalline polybutadiene. The use of a bifunctional diorganomagnesium could provide a very useful tele-chelic polymer for further extension to form a rubber network. 

Song M, Wong C W, Jin J, Ansarifar A, Zhang Z Y and Richardson M (2005) Preparation and characterization of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) and polybutadiene rubber/clay nanocomposites. Polymer Intern 54 560-568. 

The blends of PBT or PET with poly(ethylene-acrylate) rubber [116,117], PBT with polybutadiene rubber [121], and PBT with EPDM [122,123] obtained by in situ reactive blending were also examined. TPEs by grafting of PBT on the acryl units of the poly(ethylene-acrylate) rubber or by covulcanization of unsaturated PBT with polybutadiene rubber were also reported. The covulcanization of unsaturated PEE with EPDM was studied by Sieminski [73]. Some authors modified PBT with small amounts of rubber in order to improve its impact resistance [190]. Manas-Zloczower et al [191] and Utracki [192] reviewed the procedures of preparation of such blends. 

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