Polyaniline emeraldine salt

Figure 1 Typical diffraction patterns from undoped CPs (a) frms-polyacetylene, Shirakawa-type, from Ref. 34 (b) polyaniline, emeraldine salt form II, from Ref. 24 (c) polythiophene, from Ref. 22.

Kinetic studies. J Appl Polytn Sci 2010, 117 (6), 3615-3622 (0 H.-J. Lee, B. Doo Chin, S.-M. Yang, O. O. Park, Surfactant effect on the stability and elec-trorheological properties of polyaniline particle suspension. J Colloid Inter/ Sci 1998, 206 (2), 424-438 (g) D. Mahanta, G. Madras, S. Radhakrishnan, S. Patil, Adsorption of sulfonated dyes by polyaniline emeraldine salt and its kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2008, 112 (33), 10153-10157 (h) N. V. Blinova, J. Stejskal, J. M. Frechet, F. Svec, Effect of reaction conditions on film morphology of polycuiibne composite membranes for gcis separation. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 2012,50 (15), 3077-3085. 

High molecular weight samples. XPAN-ES represents the physically crosslinked polyaniline emeraldine salt. Note that /, h, and n refer to intermediate, high, and noncros-slinked samples, respectively. The stretch ratio (///q) is given in parentheses (e.g., 3.5x). Note that and fy... 

Y. Xia, J. M. Wiesinger, A. G. MacDiarmid, A. J. Epstein, Camphorsulfonic acid fully doped polyaniline emeraldine salt conformations in different solvents studied by an ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopic method, Chemistry of Materials 1995, 7, 443... 

IV. CONFORMATIONS OF POLYANILINE EMERALDINE SALTS IN THE SOLID STATE... 

Figure 8 shows UV-vis-NIR spectra of thin films of HCSA fully doped polyaniline emeraldine salt that were spin coated on quartz plates from solutions in chloroform and m-cresol, respectively. As discussed previously, different polymer conformations are responsible for these two totally different UV-vis-NlR spectra. Figure 8a indicates a random coil conformation for the polymer chains the three distinctive absorption peaks at 360,440, and 780 nm are consistent with an electronic structure... 

These observations provide a potential route to tailoring the properties (electronic, electrical, and optical) of conductive polymers, in this case HCSA fully doped polyaniline emeraldine salt. The reduced solubility of the film after exposure to m-cresol vapor also opens the door to a new method for the preparation of... 

Heeger, A. J., Polyaniline with surfactant counterions conducting polymer materials which are processable in the conducting form, Synth. Met., 55-57, 3471-3482 (1993). Xia, Y, MacDiarmid, A. G., and Epstein, A. J., Highly conductive fibers of polyaniline emeraldine salt prepared in one step, unpublished results, 1995 Xia, Y, Mater s thesis. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1993. 

Baird, N. C., and Wang, H., Ab initio calculation of band structures of polyaniline emeraldine salt, Chem. Phys. Lett., 202, 50-55 (1993). 

Doping Doped polyaniline solutions were prepared in HFIP by a solution doping method (22). Solutions turned from blue / brown to forest green, characteristic of doped polyaniline. Molar doping of undoped polyaniline is calculated for polyaniline emeraldine salt from the mole ratio y = (moles of dopant) / (moles of phenyl-NH), determined by elemental analysis. Optimally doped polyaniline has the value of y = 0.5. Dopants used were camphor sulfonic acid (HSCA), (Aldrich) methane sulfonic acid (HMSA), Aldrich and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (HDBSA), TCI America. Nylon 6 and 12 (Aldrich) were vacuum dried before solution blending. All PANI-ES solutions were filtered with a 0.50 pm filter. 

F. 8 Polyaniline (emeraldine) base is protonated in acidic medium to polyaniline (emeraldine) salt... 

Another experimental evidence against the polaron lattice model for the metallic state of heavily doped trans-(CH)j comes from Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) data [21]. These data show levels spread well across the gap, which is more in agreement with the disordered incommensurate state than with the picture of narrow polaron bands in the gap. Band structure calculations using the Valence Effective Hamiltonian (VEH) technique [22] support this conclusion since it is shown that a large energy gap exists between the polaron bands in the band structure of the polaron lattice. On the other hand, experimental and theoretical results have been presented that support the polaronic metal state for doped polyaniline (emeraldine salt) [23]. 

Figure II.12 Electrical conductivity of fully protonated polyaniline (emeraldine salt) vs inherent viscosity of the same polymers in sulfuric acid.

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