Polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane

Zhao, Z-P., Li, J., Zhang, D-X., Chen, C-X., Nanofiltration membrane prepared from polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane by low-temperature plasma, I. Graft of acrylic acid in gas, J. Membr. Sci., 232, 1, 2004. 

Ulbricht, M. and Hicke, H.G. 1993. Photomodification of ultrafiltration membranes. 1. Photochemical modification of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes with aryl azides. 210 69-95. 

Tran, T.D., Mori, S. and Suzuki, M. 2007. Plasma modification of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane. Thin Solid Films 515 4148-4152. 

Phenols and cyanides Polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane Agrobacterium radiobacter, Staphylococcus sciuri and Pseudomonas diminuta Kowalska eta ., 1998... 

Asatekin A, Kang S, Elimelech M et al (2007) Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes containing polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) comb copolymer additives. J Membr Sci 298 136-146... 

Most of today s ultrafiltration membranes are made by variations of the Loeb-Sourirajan process. A limited number of materials are used, primarily polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinyl chloride)-polyacrylonitrile copolymers, polysulfone, poly(ether sulfone), poly(vinylidene fluoride), some aromatic polyamides, and cellulose acetate. In general, the more hydrophilic membranes are more fouling-resistant than the completely hydrophobic materials. For this reason water-soluble... 

Belfort, G. and Ulbricht, M., Surface modification of ultrafiltration membranes by low temperature plasma. I. Treatment of polyacrylonitrile, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, 325, 1995. 

Ultrafiltration membranes are usually asymmetric and are also made from a variety of materials but are primarily made by the phase inversion process. In the phase inversion process, a homogeneous liquid phase consisting of a polymer and a solvent is converted into a two-phase system. The polymer is precipitated as a solid phase (through a change in temperature, solvent evaporation or addition of a precipitant) and the liquid phase forms the pore system. UF membranes currently on the market are also made from a variety of materials, including polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyethersulfone and polysulfone. 

Su, Y.-L., Cheng, W., Li, C., and Jiang, Z. 2009. Rreparation of antifouhng ultrafiltration membranes with poly(ethylene glycol)-graft-polyacrylonitrile copolymers. Journal of Membrane Science 329 246-252. 

Majeed, S., Fierro, D., Buhr, K., Wind, J., Du, B., Boschetti-de-fierro. A., and Abetz, V. 2012. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes. Journal of Membrane Science 403-404 101-109. 

Permeation behavior of dextrans by charged ultrafiltration membranes of polyacrylonitrile photografted with ionic monomers. /, Appl. Polym. Sci, Vol.43, pp. 1037-1043. 

Jung, B. 2004. Preparation of hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile hlend membranes for ultrafiltration. J. Memb. Sci. 229(1-2) 129-136. 

The microstructure of the polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber for the hemofilter artificial kidney is somewhat different from that for industrial ultrafiltration. The number of voids, their location, and their shapes are different from those of the ultrafiltration membrane for industrial use. 

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a polymer which is commonly used for ultrafiltration membranes (see table n.2 ). Despite the nitrile group being a very strongly polar group, the polymer is not very hydrophilic. A comonomer (e.g. vinyl acetate or methylmethacrylate) is often added to increase chain flexibility and hydrophilicity and to improve processability. 

Asymmetric membranes consist of a thin top layer supported by a porous sublayer and quite often macrovoids can be observed in the porous sublayer. Figure EH - 54 illustrates two ultrafiltration membranes from polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile, where the existence of these macrovoids can be clearly observed. 

Majeed, S., et al., Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Mixed Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Ultrafiltration Membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 403, 101-109. 

Agarwal, G.P., Karan, R., Bharti, S., Kumar, H., Jhunjhunwala, S., Sreekrishnan, T.R. Kharul, U. (2013) Effect of foulants on arsenic refection via polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. Desalination, 309, 243-246. 

Ultrafiltration membranes made of different materials—polyethersulfone (PES), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) — have also been characterized by FESEM and image analysis (e.g., [195]). Samples were coated with a 5 nm layer of sput-... 

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