Buccal administration

Shin SC, Bum JP, and Choi JS (2000) Enhanced bioavailability by buccal administration of triamcinolone acetonide from the bioadhesive gels in rabbits. Int. J. Pharm. 209 37—43. 

Newton, P. N. and Nishida, T. (1990). Possible buccal administration of herbal drugs by wild chimpanzees. Pan twgbdytes. Animal Behaviour 39,798-801. 

The site of absorption is mainly localised in mouth (for buccal administration), stomach, intestines or colon. 

In an effort to develop an effective bioadhesive system for buccal administration, insulin was encapsulated into polyacrylamide nanoparticles by the emulsion solvent evaporation method [98]. Though nanoparticle formation ensures even distribution of the drug, pelleting of the nanoparticles was performed to obtain three-dimensional structural conformity. In addition, it was hypothetized that the pelletized particles will remain adhered to the mucosa, leading to good absorption. While studying bioadhesion and drug release profiles, it was found that the... 

Ritschel, W.A., et al. 1985. Disposition of nitroglycerin in the beagle dog after intravenous and buccal administration. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 7 307. 

Al-Achi, A., and R. Greenwood. 1993. Buccal administration of human insulin in streptozocin-diabetic rats. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 82 297. 

In optimizing peptide orprtein delivery, buccal administration is sometimes... 

Buccal administration offers certain unique advantages for drugs which cannot be easily or efficiently administered by the oral or intravenous route. However, transbuccal drug delivery has received relatively little attention and few well-controlled studies of buccal mucosa permeability have been conducted. 

Plasma concentration profiles after buccal administration of the saturated drug solution varied considerably between animals but the overall time dependency was similar (Figure 4). Plasma levels increased rapidly after application of the solution onto the mucosa to produce relatively constant concentrations in the range 1500-8000 ng/ml after 2 h. Following removal of the solution the drug exhibited the expected decline in plasma concentrations at a rate comparable to that observed in the intravenous bolus study. 

Buccastem tablets are a form of prochlorperazine for buccal administration, containing 3 mg of prochlorperazine in a polysaccharide base. When placed in position the tablet softens over a period of a few minutes to form a gel which adheres to the gum and gradually releases the dmg. 

When is buccal administration not an appropriate route of administration ... 

BUCCAL ADMINISTRATION AS A METHOD OF PREVENTING PRESYSTEMIC METABOLISM... 

Hoskin, P.J. Hanks, G.W. Aheme, G.W. Chapman, D. Littleton, P. Filshie, J. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of morphine after intravenous, oral and buccal administration in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1989, 27, 499-505. 

Table 3 Exemplary absorption enhancers under investigation for buccal administration...

In an assessment of how nitrate tolerance might be avoided, the efficacy of thrice-daily buccal glyceryl trinitrate and that of four times a day oral isosorbide dinitrate were compared (71) over 2 weeks, prolonged antianginal efficacy was maintained only with thrice-daily buccal administration. Nevertheless, in another study, transdermal glyceryl trinitrate seemed to offer a prolonged effect, sufficient to wean patients with unstable angina from intravenous nitrate therapy (71). 

Brannon-Peppas L, Reilly W. In vitro testing of bioadhesion of solutions for buccal administration and drug delivery. Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials, 1996 513. 

Ethylcellulose has also been used as a backing membrane on mucoadhesive patches intended for buccal administration. The... 

In optimizing peptide or protein delivery, buccal administration is sometimes preferred. The buccal membrane is a stratified squamous epithelium, and the intercellular spaces are filled by cellular extrusion products. 

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