Orthopedic biomaterials

Utilization of cell-specific peptide sequences in biomaterials enables the selective adhesion of certain cell types, even in the presence of a mixture of many cell types. As mentioned earlier, REDV promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells, but not other vascular cell types (Hubbell et al., 1991). This selectivity has great potential for endothelialization of vascular devices, where the growth of an endothelial cells, but not fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells, is desired. Another peptide sequence, KRSR, has been shown to selectively promote the adhesion of osteoblasts, which is useful in the rational design of better dental and orthopedic biomaterials (Dee et al., 1998). 

Griss, P. (1984) in Fundamental Behaviour of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Vol. II Applications, CRC Series in Structure-Property Relationships of Biomaterials (eds P. Ducheyne and G.W. Hastings), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 22-43. 

Millennium Research Group (2012d) Asia-Pacific Orthopedic Biomaterials Market to Grow to 1.3 Billion by 2016. MRG News (Feb. 13). 

Millennium Research Group (2013c) US Orthopedic Biomaterial Market to Grow Strongly to 3.7 Billion by 2017. MRG News (Jan. 30). 

Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) networks, which are formed by the reaction of PPF with a crosslinker and initiator, have been investigated as an injectable orthopedic biomaterial. While a number of crosslinkers, such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, have been... 

Sun, D.H., Trindade, M.C., Nakashima, Y., Maloney, W.J., Goodman, S.B., et al. Human serum opsonization of orthopedic biomaterial particles protein-binding and monocyte/macrophage activation in vitro. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 65, 290-298... 

Chun AL, Moralez JG, Webster TJ, Fenniri H. Helical rosette nanotubes a biomimetic coating for orthopedics. Biomaterials 2005 26 7304-9. 

MP Staiger, AM Pietak, J Huadmai, G Dias, Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials a review. Biomaterials, 2006, 27, 1728-1734. 

Although ceramics are brittle, they have created wide interest in their applications as orthopedic biomaterials due to chemical composition similar to bone, the major constituent for which is inorganic minerals (Sommerfeldt and Rubin, 2001). Research also demonstrated the capacity of bioactive ceramics to stimulate new bone formation... 

This chapter addresses the following questions (1) How was UHMWPE introduced into hip arthroplasty (2) What methods were used to sterilize the first UHMWPE implants (3) What methods were used to test and evaluate UHMWPE (as well as other candidate biomaterials) prior to implantation The goal of this chapter is to review the historical origins of UHMWPE as an orthopedic biomaterial. 

McKellop HA, Clarke IC. Evolution and evaluation of materials-screening machines and joint simulators in predicting in vivo wear phenomena. In Functional Behavior of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Vol. II. Boca Raton CRC Press 1984. 

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