Poly monomer synthesis

Sekiguchi et al. [46] have reported the recycling and re-use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C2mim][OTf], after poly (pyrrole) synthesis by extraction of the unreacted monomer with chloroform. The ionic liquid was reused five times with little change in the growth CVs of the polymer. 

The preparation of a poly-a-amino acid involves first, synthesis of the monomer, and secondly its polymerization. We are mainly concerned here with the latter aspect. Methods of monomer synthesis commonly follow one of two alternative routes viz. reaction of the a-amino acid with phosgene (1) or cyclization of an N-alkoxy carbonyl derivative of the a-amino acid by treating with SOCI2, PCI5 or similar reagents (2). 

Poly(ortho esters) have also been produced by the addition of diols to diketene acetals (50). Principally because of ease of monomer synthesis, polymers were prepared by the addition of... 

For the common nomenclature the usual practice is to name a polymer according to its source, i.e., the monomer(s) used in its synthesis, and the generic term used is poly"monomer", whether or not the monomer is real. The prefix poly is added on to the name of the monomer to form... 

For the common nomenclature the usual practice is to name a polymer according to its source, i.e., the monomer(s) used in its synthesis, and the generic term used is poly monomer , whether or not the monomer is real. The prefix poly is added on to the name of the monomer to form a single word, e.g., polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyacrylonitrile (see Table 1.1). However, when the monomer has a multiworded name, the name of the monomer after the prefix poly is enclosed in parentheses, e.g., poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (Table 1.1). 

FIGURE 3.16 Monomer synthesis and cationic pol5mierization of oxazolines (Nu"=nucleophile, e.g., amine) followed by acid hydrolysis toward linear poly-(ethylene imine) for R=Me, Et. 

Water offers environmental and economic benefits. However, there emerges one disadvantage of this method, as the process is complete in one step. The aqueous poly(imide) synthesis route results in products that are not processable, if the resulting PI is insoluble and infusible [35]. Alternatively, fluorinated monomers can be used to get processable and high-temperature stable products. Or else, low-molecular-weight intermediate thermoset products could be produced. 

Poly(trifluorochloroethylene) was developed as a competitor to poly-(tetrafluoroethylene). The monomer synthesis proceeds from hexachloro-ethane via 1, l,2-trifluoro-l,2,2-trichloroethane. The monomer is free radically suspension polymerized with the redox system K2S20s/NaHS03/AgN03 or bulk polymerized with bis(trichloroacetyl peroxide). 

Most abbreviations are based on the form poly(monomer) , i.e. on the names of the monomers used in polymer synthesis, often with the prefix P for poly . In case of copolymers, the monomers are given in alphabetic order. Some abbreviations also catch structural features or physical properties. ... 

Soon after the first preparation of vinyl acetate by the reaction of acetic acid with acetylene and its polymerization by Klatte [209] in 1912, methods for its industrial-scale synthesis were developed first in Germany, then in Canada [210]. At the same time, the chemistry was extended to the preparation and polymerization of vinyl esters of other aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The new polymers found immediate uses in paints, lacquers, and adhesives. Steady improvements in the industrial-scale monomer synthesis, particularly in the discovery of new catalysts for the acetic acid-acetylene condensation and development of a low-cost synthesis route based on ethylene have made vinyl acetate a comparatively inexpensive monomer. Besides the original applications, which still dominate the major uses of poly(vinyl acetate), this polymer finds additional utility as thickeners, plasticizers, textile finishes, plastic and cement additives, paper binders and chewing gum bases, among many others. At the same time, the uses and production of polymers of the higher vinyl esters have not kept pace with that of poly(vinyl acetate), primarily due to their higher cost. Consequently, the current worldwide production of these materials remains low. 

Various polymerization route with unique starting monomer [64] have been developed, e.g., topochemical poly(diacetylene) synthesis with pyrrole-, thiophene-, -Si-groups dienophilic addition of maleic imides, Diels-Alder polymers via cyclopentadienone derivatives. 

Hautekeer, J.R, Varshney, S.K., Fayt, R., Jacobs, G., JerOme, R. and Teyssi, Ph. (1990) Anionic polymerization of acrylic monomers. Synthesis, characterization and modification of polystyrene-poly(tert-butylacrylate) di- and triblock copolymers. Macromolecules, 23,... 

The chiral atoms of Cl on deoxyribonucleosides and of Cl , C2 , and C3 on ribonucleosides were intact during monomer synthesis and copolymerization polymers 17, 19, 21, and 23 were optically active, which allowed the use of circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotary dispersion (ORD) for investigation of the polymer conformations in aqueous solutions [6, 10, 11]. The CD-curve of 23A is shown in Fig. 1, which is quite similar to that of natural poly(-adenylic acid). 

An alternative approach to a monomer synthesis utilized a commercially available mixture of 60% meta and 40% para-vinylbenzyl chloride as the substrate. Treatment of the mixture with XXXa in DMF produced S-vinylbenzyl-O-r-butylthiocarbonate (XXXI) in quantitative yield. Polymerization of XXXI under free radical conditions yielded a mixture of benzene soluble and insoluble crosslinked polymer. Thermolysis of the soluble fraction in N-methylpyrrolidone generated a soluble poly(vinylbenzyl mercaptan). 

The major part of this article reviews the preparation of poly- 3-thiolactones, especially optically active polymers, while in the first part a brief survey of the monomer synthesis is included. 

Noy J-M, Koldevitz M, Roth PJ (2015) Thiol-reactive functional poly(melh)actylales multicomponent monomer synthesis, RAFT (co)polymerization and highly efficient thiol-para-fluoro postpolymerization modification. Polym Chem 6 436-447... 

Hyperbranched poly(silylenephenylenes) from polycyclotrimerization of A2-type diyne monomers synthesis, characterization, structural modeling, thermal stability, and fluorescent patterning. Macromolecules 40 7473-7486... 

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