Poly-L-omithine

Uchegbu and coworkers have studied the complexation and delivery of DNA using a unique poly(amino acid)-based polymer vesicle. A polymer of either poly (L-lysine) or poly(L-omithine) was functionalized with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic palmitic acid chains to synthesize an amphiphilic triblock of either mPEG-6-poly(L-lysine)-6-palmitoyl or mPEG-Z>-poly(L-omithine)-6-palmitoyl. Vesicles formed from these polymers were complexed with DNA and showed improved transfection in vitro over poly(amino acid) complexed with DNA or DNA alone [82]. 

Satake, I. and Yang, J.T. (1976) Interaction of sodium decyl sulfate with poly(L-omithine) and poly(L-lysine) in aqueous solution. Biopolymers, 15, 2263-2275. 

Cationic polymer is also frequently examined to increase the potential of a gene drug. Large molecular weight cationic polymers can condense pDNA more efficiently than cationic liposomes. They include poly-L-lysine (PLL), poly-L-omithine, polyethyleneimine (PEI), chitosan, starburst dendrimer and various novel synthetic polymers. These polymers can enhance the cellular uptake of pDNA by nonspecific adsorptive endocytosis. 

Similar photosolubility effects have been observed for azo-modified poly(L-omithine) [Scheme 5, VIII (n = 3) 139 and poly(L-a, 3-diaminopropanoic acid) [Scheme 5, VIII (n = 1), 142 monitoring transmittance at 650 nm as a function of irradiation time. The initially turbid samples in HFP/water became dear upon irradiation at 360 nm as a consequence of the trans—>ds isomerization. On new irradiation at 460 nm, the clear solutions became turbid once more as a consequence of the reverse cis/trans isomerization of the azo chromophores. 

A number of studies have been conducted in an attempt to differentiate between a specific role for the guanidino moiety of the arginine side chain and a general requirement for cationic amino acids (which could also be satisfied by lysine or histidine residues). Examinations of polyarginine transport efficiency show either similar41 or enhanced activity when compared to analogous polylysine,123 polyhistidine, and poly-L-omithine peptides.127 Additionally, no significant differences in... 

Luca, G., Calaflore, R., Basta, G., Ricci, M., Calvitti, M., Neri, L., Nastruzzi, C., Becchetti, E., Capitani, S., Brunelli, P., and Rossi, C., Improved function of rat islets upon co-microencapsulation with Sertoli s cells in alginate/poly-L-omithine, AAPS PharmSciTech., 2 (3), E 15, 2001. 

In 1984, Graves and associates obtained evidence for ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from rabbit skeletal muscle (3). TTie SR contains predominantly Ca -dependent ATPase, accounting for 70 to 80% of the membrane (4). Therefore, we examined whether or not the ADP-ribosylation of Ca2+-dependent ATPase occurs in the rabbit skeletal muscle SR, and obtained evidence for the ADP-ribosylation of the ATPase and enhancement of this modification by basic peptides such as poly L-lysine and poly L-omithine (5). We also noted, in vitro, the ADP-ribosylation of Ca2+-dependent ATPase blocks the enzyme activity. 

From these results, we conclude that the ADP-ribosylation of Ca2+-dependent ATPase by endogenous ADP-ribosyltransferase occurs in rabbit skeletal muscle SR vesicles and that this reaction seems to be important for regulating Ca transport in skeletal muscle. The basic peptides poly L-omithine and poly L-lysine are proving to be useful tools for identifying acceptor proteins in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 

Several years ago Seljelid et al. showed that poly(L-Lys) enhanced the uptake of H-labelled reovirus double-stranded RNA by macrophages and similarly it has been shown that poly(L-Lys), poly(D-Lys) and poly(L-omithine) markedly increase the rate of uptake of I-labelled albumin by Sarcoma S-180 cells grown in mono-layer In the latter experiments, Ryser found that the ability to stimulate uptake is clearly related to the molecular size of the polymer used. Recently, a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-poly(L-Lys) conjugate was prepared and used to determine uptake by L-929 mouse fibroblasts grown as monolayers Measurements of the enzymatic... 

Scheme 16 Proposed mechanism of condensation of plasmid DNA with poly-L-omithine at high (13-20 pg mL ) and low DNA (3-7 pg mL ) concentrations. Monomolecular condensation is seen at low DNA concentration whereas both monomolecular and multimolecular condensatimi are seen at high DNA concentrations. Reprinted with permission from [169]. Copyright 2007 Elsevier...

Mann A, Khan MA, Shukla V, Ganguli M (2007) Atomic force microscopy reveals the assembly of potential DNA nanocarriers by poly-L-omithine. Biophys Chem 129 126-136... 

Fig. 21 High-resolution SFM image of DNA/PG4 complexes of charge ratio 1 0.7 precipitated onto poly-L-omithine-coated mica. The scale bars represent 250 nm. (From [86] with kind permission of ACS)...

Fig. 7. Dose response curves for the effect of polycations on the infectivity of poliovirus single-stranded RNA and RF-RNA. The infectivity of a viral RNA preparation was assayed with suspended cells exposed to various concentrations of polycations. Poly-L-omithine was added 5 minutes prior to the RNA, DEAE-dextran together with the...

RNA V-------V Methylated albumin, viral RNA o-------o Poly-L-omithine, viral RNA ... 

Fig. 10. Relationship between time of polycation additions and yield of infectious centers induced by RNA. Polycations were added to suspended cells at various times either before or after the addition of RNA and the mixture incubated at 37 C. The following final concentrations were used poly-L-omithine 20 (xg/ml, methylated albumin 40 xg/ml, and DEAE-dextran 80 [xg/ml and 3X10 cells/ml. The 0 time data were obtained by mixing RNA and polycations and then adding them immediately to the cells. The RNA in the incubation mixtures with methylated albumine was fourfold more concentrated...

Comparable results were obtained when macromolecular synthesis in HeLa cells was inhibited by infection with the DNA-containing frog virus 3 (Koch, unpublished) the competence of cells for viral RNA was reversibly affected by infection with frog virus 3 whereas the competence for RF-RNA was not restored within 120 minutes of incubation at 37° C. Cellular competence for infection by viral RNA and RF-RNA is enhanced by various polycations, by DMSO and by VP4 in differing degrees. Thus, cellular competence for RF-RNA is maximal when the cells are sensitized by DEAE-dextran alone (Koch and Bishop, 1968), and cannot be further stimulated by poly-L-omithine or DMSO (Koch, unpublished). However, cellular competence for infection by viral RNA is 5 to 10 times higher when cells are exposed to DEAE-dextran and DMSO or DEAE-dextran and poly-L-ornithine than to DEAE-dextran alone (Koch, 1971b, and unpublished). 

X10 bacteria in 100 (xl were incubated for 3 min at room temperature with the stated concentrations of DEAE-dextran or poly-L-omithine, mixed with an equal volume of labeled RF-RNA (0.2 fxg/ml) and incubated for 15 min at room temperature. The bacteria were sedimented and the amount of RNA adsorbed determined. 

Poly(L-omithine) Polyomithine 25 104-12-5 L-Omithine, homopolymer R (CsHizNjOj),... 

Poly(L-omithine hydrobromide) Polyoitiiine hydrobiomide 27378-49-0 L-Omithine, homopolymer, hydrobiomide R (C5H 2N2[Pg.2292]

Poly(l,-Omithine hydrochloride) Poly-L-omithine-hydrochloride 26982-21-8 L-Omithine, homopolymer, hydrochlmde R (C5Hi2N202).t jtClH... 

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